ArticleCentral-European journal of immunology2022
Toll-like receptor (TLR2, TLR4) polymorphisms and their influence on the incidence of urinary tract infections in children with and without urinary tract malformation.
Article in Central-European journal of immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- How Does Biological Sex Impact Mucosal Bacterial Infection? Mucosal Defenses and Bacterial Detection.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Mechanisms and clinical implications of bacterial persistence in recurrent urinary tract infections.Investigative and clinical urology · 2026Review
- Exploratory Analysis of TLR2, TLR4, Interleukin 6 and Interleukin 10 Gene Polymorphisms in Relation to Clinical Early-Onset Sepsis in Preterm Neonates: A Single-Center Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Harnessing pro-inflammatory and immunopathologic immune responses in urinary tract infections for vaccine development: it's all about a balance.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- A Bird's-Eye View of the Pathophysiologic Role of the Human Urobiota in Health and Disease: Can We Modulate It?Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2024Review
- GPTZero Performance in Identifying Artificial Intelligence-Generated Medical Texts: A Preliminary Study.Journal of Korean medical science · 2023Article
- Chronic Kidney Disease, Urinary Tract Infections and Antibiotic Nephrotoxicity: Are There Any Relationships?Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) contribute to the innate immune system. They are an element of non-specific immunity, which enables organisms to react quickly to foreign antigens, without being previously exposed to them. TLRs are pattern recognition receptors. TLR gene polymorphisms are widely investigated in connection with various infections. The aims of the study were: to investigate the role of TLR2 and TLR4 polymorphisms in the course of urinary tract infections (UTIs); to test for differences in distribution of these polymorphisms between children with urinary tract malformations suffering from recurrent UTI (rUTI), children with malformations but without rUTI and healthy controls; to determine whether these polymorphisms predispose to rUTI; and to analyse how polymorphisms and urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and interleukin 8 (IL-8) concentrations affect one another. Material and methods: The group consisted of 133 children (1-18 years old), 68 female and 65 male. The group was divided into 4 subgroups: A (rUTI with urinary tract malformations), B (urinary tract malformations without rUTI), C (rUTI) and D (healthy controls). Polymorphisms were analysed using PCR-RFLP. IL-8 and NGAL urine concentrations were established using immunoenzymatic methods. Results: TLR2 Arg753Gln and TLR4 Arg299Gly appeared significantly more often among children with rUTI. No correlation between urine IL-8 and urine NGAL and polymorphisms was found. Urine NGAL concentration was significantly higher among children with urinary tract malformations. Conclusions: TLR2 Arg753Gln and TLR4 Asp299Gly may predispose to rUTI. Urine NGAL concentration suggests the presence of kidney tissue injury, of varying degrees, among children with urinary tract malformations.
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