ArticleHeliyon2023
Efficacy of three-dimensional models for medical education: A systematic scoping review of randomized clinical trials.
Article in Heliyon, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Comparative Study of 3D-Printed and Banana Model for Suture and Biopsy Training in Dental Education: A Randomised Controlled Trial.European journal of dental education : official journal of the Association for Dental Education in Europe · 2026Trial
- Development of a Cost-Effective 3D-Printed Airway Suction Simulator for Respiratory Therapy Students.Respiratory care · 2024Trial
- Clinical application of instant 3D printed cast versus polymer orthosis in the treatment of colles fracture: a randomized controlled trial.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2024Trial
- Anatomically Accurate 3D-Printed Thoracic Model With Artificial Skin for Chest Drainage Training.Cureus · 2026Article
- Expanding the Scope of Multidisciplinary Oncology Education: A Necessary Step Forward.Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education · 2026Article
- 3D anatomy of the heart in teaching: differentiating physiological and pathological changes in wild ungulates in central Europe.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- The Impact of Integrating 3D-Printed Phantom Heads of Newborns with Cleft Lip and Palate into an Undergraduate Orthodontic Curriculum: A Comparison of Learning Outcomes and Student Perception.Dentistry journal · 2025Article
- A new classmate in anatomy education: 3D anatomical modeling medical students' engagement on learning through self-prepared anatomical models.Anatomical sciences education · 2025Review
- Comparative evaluation of fracture resistance force of three different posterior aesthetic crowns and occlusal wear of antagonist primary teeth - AnJournal of clinical and experimental dentistry · 2025Article
- Addressing mucosal ulcers during orthodontic treatment: An urgent call for preventive strategies.World journal of clinical cases · 2024Article
- 3D printing materials and 3D printed surgical devices in oral and maxillofacial surgery: design, workflow and effectiveness.Regenerative biomaterials · 2024Review
- Advanced Strategies for the Fabrication of Multi-Material Anatomical Models of Complex Pediatric Oncologic Cases.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Accuracy assessment of implant placement with versus without a CAD/CAM surgical guide by novices versus specialists via the digital registration method: an in vitro randomized crossover study.BMC oral health · 2023Article
- Article
- A Systematic Review of Three-Dimensional Printing in Medical Education: Educational Impact and Methodological Quality.Journal of medical education and curricular developmentReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To estimate the efficacy of three-dimensional (3D) models for medical education.
methodsA systematic scoping review was performed containing diverse databases such as SCOPUS, PubMed/MEDLINE, SCIELO, and LILACS. MeSH terms and keywords were stipulated to explore randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in all languages. Solely RCTs that accomplished the eligibility criteria were admitted.
resultsFifteen RCTs including 1659 medical students were chosen. Five RCTs studied heart models, 3 RCTs explored facial, spinal and bone fractures and the rest of the trials investigated eye, arterial, pelvic, hepatic, chest, skull, and cleft lip and palate models. Regarding the efficacy of 3D models, in terms of learning skills and knowledge gained by medical students, most RCTs reported higher scores. Considering the test-taking times, the results were variable. Two RCTs showed less time for the 3D group, another RCT indicated variable results in the response times of the test depending on the anatomical zone evaluated, while another described that the students in the 3D group were slightly quicker to answer all questions when compared with the traditional group, but without statistical significance. The other 11 experiments did not present results about test-taking times. Most students in all RCTs indicated satisfaction, enjoyment, and interest in utilizing the 3D systems, and recognized that their abilities were enhanced.
conclusionsHigher efficacy in terms of learning skills and knowledge gained was observed when the 3D systems were used by medical students. Undergraduates also expressed great satisfaction with the use of these technologies. Regarding the test-taking times, the results favored the 3D group.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.