Self-attention random forest for breast cancer image classification.

Introduction: Early screening and diagnosis of breast cancer can not only detect hidden diseases in time, but also effectively improve the survival rate of patients. Therefore, the accurate classification of breast cancer images becomes the key to auxiliary diagnosis. Methods: In this paper, on the basis of extracting multi-scale fusion features of breast cancer images using pyramid gray level co-occurrence matrix, we present a Self-Attention Random Forest (SARF) model as a classifier to explain the importance of fusion features, and can perform adaptive refinement processing on features, thus, the classification accuracy can be improved. In addition, we use GridSearchCV technique to optimize the hyperparameters of the model, which greatly avoids the limitation of artificially selected parameters. Results: To demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, we perform validation on the breast cancer histopathological image-BreaKHis. The proposed method achieves an average accuracy of 92.96% and a micro average AUC value of 0.9588 for eight-class classification, and an average accuracy of 97.16% and an AUC value of 0.9713 for binary classification on BreaKHis dataset. Discussion: For the sake of verify the universality of the proposed model, we also conduct experiments on MIAS dataset. An excellent average classification accuracy is 98.79% on MIAS dataset. Compared to other state-of-the-art methods, the experimental results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed method is superior to that of others. Furthermore, we can analyze the influence of different types of features on the proposed model, and provide theoretical basis for further optimization of the model in the future.