Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36814288›Full record

ArticleBiology of sex differences2023

Sex differences in the percentage of IRF5 positive B cells are associated with higher production of TNF-α in women in response to TLR9 in humans.

Claudia Beisel, Ana Jordan-Paiz, Sandra Köllmann, Annika Elise Ahrenstorf, Benedetta Padoan, Tanja Barkhausen, Marylyn M Addo, Marcus Altfeld

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Biology of sex differences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
1.6field-weighted citation impact, top 16% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. The role of IRF5 as an immune regulator.Biochemical Society transactions · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Claudia BeiselI. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany. claudia.beisel@med.uni-heidelberg.de.ORCID 0000-0002-4905-4646
Ana Jordan-PaizResearch Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, 20251, Hamburg, Germany.
Sandra KöllmannI. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany.
Annika Elise AhrenstorfResearch Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, 20251, Hamburg, Germany.
Benedetta PadoanResearch Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, 20251, Hamburg, Germany.
Tanja BarkhausenGerman Center for Infection Research (DZIF), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany.
Marylyn M AddoI. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany.
Marcus AltfeldGerman Center for Infection Research (DZIF), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany.
Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV) · DEUniversität Hamburg · DE

Funding

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) DFG RU5068
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe clinical course and outcome of many diseases differ between women and men, with women experiencing a higher prevalence and more severe pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. The precise mechanisms underlying these sex differences still remain to be fully understood. IRF5 is a master transcription factor that regulates TLR/MyD88-mediated responses to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS) in DCs and B cells. B cells are central effector cells involved in autoimmune diseases via the production of antibodies and pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as mediating T cell help. Dysregulation of IRF5 expression has been reported in autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, primary Sjögren syndrome, and rheumatoid arthritis.

methodsIn the current study, we analyzed whether the percentage of IRF5 positive B cells differs between women and men and assessed the resulting consequences for the production of inflammatory cytokines after TLR7- or TLR9 stimulation.

resultsThe percentage of IRF5 positive B cells was significantly higher in B cells of women compared to men in both unstimulated and TLR7- or TLR9-stimulated B cells. B cells of women produced higher levels of TNF-α in response to TLR9 stimulation.

conclusionsTaken together, our data contribute to the understanding of sex differences in immune responses and may identify IRF5 as a potential therapeutic target to reduce harmful B cell-mediated immune responses in women.

Indexed as

B-LymphocytesInterferon Regulatory FactorsTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaCytokinesFemaleHumansMaleSex CharacteristicsToll-Like Receptor 7Toll-Like Receptor 9CytokinesInterferon Regulatory FactorsIRF5 protein, humanTLR9 protein, humanToll-Like Receptor 7Toll-Like Receptor 9Tumor Necrosis Factor-alphaB cellsInterferon regulatory factor 5Sex differencesToll-like receptor 7/9Tumor necrosis factor-α

Identifiers

PMID36814288
PMCPMC9945365
OpenAlexW4321487709

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.