ReviewNature2023
CAR immune cells: design principles, resistance and the next generation.
Review in Nature, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 423 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
423 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 571 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mapping the clinical landscape of multifunctional CAR T cells: Targets, trends, and synergies.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Pooled it
- The mechanism of breast cancer stem cells and tumor microenvironment promoting radioresistance in breast cancer and its intervention strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Article
- Cell-based immunotherapy for neurodegenerative disease: A promising avenue.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Advancing In Vivo Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Engineering to Accelerate Clinical Translation.MedComm · 2026Review
- Next-generation CAR-T cell therapy against cancer: precision engineering, programmable immunity, and emerging clinical frontiers.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2026Review
- Armouring GPC3 CAR T cells for hepatocellular carcinoma: how much is enough and what comes next?Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2026Article
- Targeting Regnase-1 in B7-H3-CAR T cells reprograms the tumor microenvironment and enhances antitumor efficacy for osteosarcoma.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Co-delivery of lentiviral vectors and Cas9-containing virus-like particles enables rapid, scalable manufacture of gene-edited CAR T cells.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- Defining attributes of effective binders for AI-assisted CAR design.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Sequence and structural determinants of efficacious de novo chimaeric antigen receptors.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Receptor-defined targeting of a genomically unique melanoma-enriched noncanonical antigen.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- Recent advances in molecular mechanisms to improve the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy for viral diseases, cancer, and autoimmune diseases.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- Integrated epigenetic and genetic programming of primary human T cells.Nature biotechnology · 2026Article
- Chimeric antigen receptor-macrophages: A new paradigm for cell therapy.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2026Review
- Natural-Inspired Engineered Microalgae With Selenium Enrichment Enabled Potent Anti-Tumor Immunity.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Current and future therapies for triple-negative breast cancer.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- A tumor-on-a-chip model reveals and targets reciprocal macrophage-NK cell crosstalk to advance immunotherapy screening.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2026Article
- Benchmarking comparison of chimeric antigen receptor targets in hepatocellular carcinoma: A multimodal analysis.Chinese medical journal · 2026Article
- Quantifying target antigen-dependent CAR T-cell performance against AML.Cancer cell international · 2026Article
363 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The remarkable clinical activity of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapies in B cell and plasma cell malignancies has validated the use of this therapeutic class for liquid cancers, but resistance and limited access remain as barriers to broader application. Here we review the immunobiology and design principles of current prototype CARs and present emerging platforms that are anticipated to drive future clinical advances. The field is witnessing a rapid expansion of next-generation CAR immune cell technologies designed to enhance efficacy, safety and access. Substantial progress has been made in augmenting immune cell fitness, activating endogenous immunity, arming cells to resist suppression via the tumour microenvironment and developing approaches to modulate antigen density thresholds. Increasingly sophisticated multispecific, logic-gated and regulatable CARs display the potential to overcome resistance and increase safety. Early signs of progress with stealth, virus-free and in vivo gene delivery platforms provide potential paths for reduced costs and increased access of cell therapies in the future. The continuing clinical success of CAR T cells in liquid cancers is driving the development of increasingly sophisticated immune cell therapies that are poised to translate to treatments for solid cancers and non-malignant diseases in the coming years.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.