ArticleOccupational and environmental medicine2023
Occupational risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a nationwide register-based study of the Danish workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic, 2020-2021.
Article in Occupational and environmental medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on work participation, sickness absence and general practitioner consultations in the Danish population - a register-based matched cohort study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Can pre-existing medical conditions explain occupational differences in COVID-19 disease severity? An analysis of 3.17 million people insured in Germany.Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health · 2025Article
- Occupational risk of COVID-19 related hospital admission in Skåne, Sweden: A register-based cohort study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Occupational and non-occupational factors of post-COVID-19 condition: a cross-sectional survey in the French general working population.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Temporal changes in occupational risks of COVID-19 hospitalisation in Germany, 2020-2021: a case-cohort study.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Unravelling demographic and socioeconomic patterns of COVID-19 death and other causes of death: results of an individual-level analysis of exhaustive cause of death data in Belgium, 2020.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2024Article
- Long-term course and factors influencing work ability and return to work in post-COVID patients 12 months after inpatient rehabilitation.Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England) · 2024Article
- Occupational differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection: the Japan COVID-19 and Society Internet Survey (JACSIS) study in 2022.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Occupation and COVID-19: Lessons From the Pandemic.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2024Article
- Occupation and SARS-CoV-2 in Europe: a review.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2024Review
- Article
- Sociodemographic inequalities in the incidence of COVID-19 in National Household Sample Survey cohort, Brazil, 2020.Revista brasileira de epidemiologia = Brazilian journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Reduction of acute respiratory infections in day-care by non-pharmaceutical interventions: a narrative review.Frontiers in public health · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveMost earlier studies on occupational risk of COVID-19 covering the entire workforce are based on relatively rare outcomes such as hospital admission and mortality. This study examines the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection by occupational group based on real-time PCR (RT-PCR) tests.
methodsThe cohort includes 2.4 million Danish employees, 20-69 years of age. All data were retrieved from public registries. The incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of first-occurring positive RT-PCR test from week 8 of 2020 to week 50 of 2021 were computed by Poisson regression for each four-digit Danish Version of the International Standard Classification of Occupations job code with more than 100 male and 100 female employees (n=205). Occupational groups with low risk of workplace infection according to a job exposure matrix constituted the reference group. Risk estimates were adjusted by demographic, social and health characteristics including household size, completed COVID-19 vaccination, pandemic wave and occupation-specific frequency of testing.
resultsIRRs of SARS-CoV-2 infection were elevated in seven healthcare occupations and 42 occupations in other sectors, mainly social work activities, residential care, education, defence and security, accommodation and transportation. No IRRs exceeded 2.0. The relative risk in healthcare, residential care and defence/security declined across pandemic waves. Decreased IRRs were observed in 12 occupations. DISCUSSION: We observed a modestly increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among employees in numerous occupations, indicating a large potential for preventive actions. Cautious interpretation of observed risk in specific occupations is needed because of methodological issues inherent in analyses of RT-PCR test results and because of multiple statistical tests.
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