ArticleEnvironmental research2023
Long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter and stroke etiology: Results from the Women's Health Initiative.
Article in Environmental research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long-Term Exposure to Nitrogen Dioxide and Ozone and Mortality: Update of the WHO Air Quality Guidelines Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of public health · 2024Pooled it
- Neighborhood Ambient Air Pollution and Post-Transplant Outcomes in Older Kidney Transplant Recipients.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2026Article
- Regional Disparities in Stroke Hospitalization and Mortality Associated with Long-Term Fine Particulate Matter Exposure: A Nationwide Ecological Study in Spain.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Association between ambient fine particulate matter and hemorrhagic stroke in Yancheng, China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- A comprehensive review/expert statement on environmental risk factors of cardiovascular disease.Cardiovascular research · 2025Review
- All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Associated with Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter in Japan: The Ibaraki Prefectural Health Study.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2025Article
- Current trend in air pollution exposure and stroke.Current opinion in neurology · 2025Review
- Exposure to air pollutants contributes to increased rate of neovascular age-related macular degeneration in Israel.PloS one · 2025Article
- Ambient air pollution, sleep quality, and cerebral hemorrhage risk in older adults: development and validation of the Anhui environmental exposure questionnaire in a 460 participant cohort study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Environmental determinants of cerebral haemorrhage in older adults: behavioural pathways and population health implications.Frontiers in public health · 2025Review
- Joint associations of PMFrontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Global patterns and trends in ischemic stroke burden attributable to particulate matter pollution: changes from 1990 to 2021 and projections from 2022 to 2050.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Particulate Matter-Induced Emerging Health Effects Associated with Oxidative Stress and Inflammation.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Article
- Long-term exposure to air pollution and risk of stroke by ecoregions: The REGARDS study.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2024Article
- Environmental Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease: Part 1 of 2: Air Pollution.JACC. Advances · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAmbient particulate matter (PM) air pollution is a leading cause of global disability and accounts for an annual 2.9 million deaths globally. PM is established as an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease, however the evidence supporting a link specifically between long-term exposure to ambient PM and incident stroke is less clear. We sought to evaluate the association of long-term exposure to different size fractions of ambient PM with incident stroke (overall and by etiologic subtypes) and cerebrovascular deaths within the Women's Health Initiative, a large prospective study of older women in the US.
methodsWe studied 155,410 postmenopausal women without previous cerebrovascular disease enrolled into the study between 1993 and 1998, with follow-up through 2010. We assessed geocoded participant address-specific concentrations of ambient PM (fine [PM
resultsDuring a median follow-up time of 15 years, participants experienced 4,556 cerebrovascular events. The hazard ratio for all cerebrovascular events was 2.14 (95% CI: 1.87, 2.44) comparing the top versus bottom quartiles of PM
conclusionsLong-term exposure to fine (PM
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.