ArticleScience advances2023
Twin-bioengine self-adaptive micro/nanorobots using enzyme actuation and macrophage relay for gastrointestinal inflammation therapy.
Article in Science advances, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Microrobots for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in the Digestive System: A Review of Actuation Mechanisms, Structural Design, Preclinical and Translational Applications.Micromachines · 2026Review
- CD5Science advances · 2026Article
- Next-generation biomedical nanorobots: active design, intelligent control, and translational opportunities in regenerative and minimally invasive medicine.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Substrate pre-stretch reprograms macrophage behavior through surface topographical remodeling.Mechanobiology in medicine · 2026Article
- Advances in Yeast Glucan Particles for Oral Drug Delivery.Polymers · 2026Review
- Enzymatic microbubble robots.Nature nanotechnology · 2026Article
- One-Stone-Three-Birds Biomimetic Oral Targeting Delivery Strategy for On-Demand Controlled Drug Release and Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Therapy.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2026Article
- Real-time near-infrared II fluorescence navigation of magnetic nanorobots for image-guided therapy.Science advances · 2026Article
- Kidney angiopoietin-like protein 4 regulates fibrotic responses in diabetic kidney disease.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Immunoengineering in the field of tendon and bone regeneration: immunomodulatory biomaterials, delivery platforms, and preclinical models for chronic diseases.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota and macrophage crosstalk: implications for colitis-associated colorectal cancer.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Interactions Between Active Matters and Endogenous Fields.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Review
- The Sirt1-Piezo1 Axis Promotes Bone Formation and Repair in Mice.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Recent Advances in Dielectric Elastomer Actuator-Based Soft Robots: Classification, Applications, and Future Perspectives.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Micro/nano motors treating of digestive system diseases.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Micro/nano-robotic medical device: preparation, actuation mechanisms and their applications in medicine.RSC advances · 2025Review
- Biomimetic magnetobacterial microrobots for active pneumonia therapy.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Collective Dynamics of Urease-Based Nanomotors in a Chemical Gradient.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
- Magnetically induced magnetosome chain (MAGiC): A biogenic magnetic-particle-imaging tracer with high performance and navigability.Science advances · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A wide array of biocompatible micro/nanorobots are designed for targeted drug delivery and precision therapy largely depending on their self-adaptive ability overcoming complex barriers in vivo. Here, we report a twin-bioengine yeast micro/nanorobot (TBY-robot) with self-propelling and self-adaptive capabilities that can autonomously navigate to inflamed sites for gastrointestinal inflammation therapy via enzyme-macrophage switching (EMS). Asymmetrical TBY-robots effectively penetrated the mucus barrier and notably enhanced their intestinal retention using a dual enzyme-driven engine toward enteral glucose gradient. Thereafter, the TBY-robot was transferred to Peyer's patch, where the enzyme-driven engine switched in situ to macrophage bioengine and was subsequently relayed to inflamed sites along a chemokine gradient. Encouragingly, EMS-based delivery increased drug accumulation at the diseased site by approximately 1000-fold, markedly attenuating inflammation and ameliorating disease pathology in mouse models of colitis and gastric ulcers. These self-adaptive TBY-robots represent a safe and promising strategy for the precision treatment of gastrointestinal inflammation and other inflammatory diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.