ArticleInternational journal of legal medicine2023
DNA methylation-based age estimation for adults and minors: considering sex-specific differences and non-linear correlations.
Article in International journal of legal medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advancing Forensic Human Chronological Age Estimation: Biochemical, Genetic, and Epigenetic Approaches from the Last 15 Years: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Development of a precise saliva-based epigenetic clock using a six-CpG-marker panel.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Article
- Development of a Model for Predicting Chronological Age Based on DNA Methylation Data from Buccal Swabs Using Ion Torrent S5 Technology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- MicroBayesAge: a maximum likelihood approach to predict epigenetic age using microarray data.GeroScience · 2026Article
- A new robust AI/ML based model for accurate forensic age estimation using DNA methylation markers.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2025Article
- Forensic skeletal and molecular anthropology face to face: Combining expertise for identification of human remains.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2025Review
- Age-related patterns in mandibular third molar eruption: presenting new forensic age assessment reference data from a Chinese population.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2025Article
- The intersection of epigenetics and immune thrombocytopenia: new insights into disease mechanisms and treatments.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- Applicability of epigenetic age models to next-generation methylation arrays.Genome medicine · 2024Article
- Epigenetic analyses in forensic medicine: future and challenges.International journal of legal medicine · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
DNA methylation patterns change during human lifetime; thus, they can be used to estimate an individual's age. It is known, however, that correlation between DNA methylation and aging might not be linear and that the sex might influence the methylation status. In this study, we conducted a comparative evaluation of linear and several non-linear regressions, as well as sex-specific versus unisex models. Buccal swab samples from 230 donors aged 1 to 88 years were analyzed using a minisequencing multiplex array. Samples were divided into a training set (n = 161) and a validation set (n = 69). The training set was used for a sequential replacement regression and a simultaneous 10-fold cross-validation. The resulting model was improved by including a cut-off of 20 years, dividing the younger individuals with non-linear from the older individuals with linear dependence between age and methylation status. Sex-specific models were developed and improved prediction accuracy in females but not in males, which might be explained by a small sample set. We finally established a non-linear, unisex model combining the markers EDARADD, KLF14, ELOVL2, FHL2, C1orf132, and TRIM59. While age- and sex-adjustments did not generally improve the performance of our model, we discuss how other models and large cohorts might benefit from such adjustments. Our model showed a cross-validated MAD and RMSE of 4.680 and 6.436 years in the training set and of 4.695 and 6.602 years in the validation set, respectively. We briefly explain how to apply the model for age prediction.
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