SynthesisCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2023
Efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors for hepatocellular carcinoma patients with macrovascular invasion or extrahepatic spread: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 54 studies with 6187 hepatocellular carcinoma patients.
Synthesis in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Combined Immunotherapy in Treating Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Relative treatment effects of first-line chemotherapy and immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Cancer pathogenesis and therapy · 2025Review
- Prognostic Value of Clinical Complete Response for Patients with Initially Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Conversion with Triple Therapy.Liver cancer · 2025Article
- Immune-mediated liver injury from checkpoint inhibitors: mechanisms, clinical characteristics and management.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025Review
- Based on Soluble Immune Checkpoints Constructing a Random Survival Forest Model to Predict the Prognosis of Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma.OncoTargets and therapy · 2025Article
- Multimodal transesophageal echocardiography in the surgical resection of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and inferior vena cava tumor thrombus.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2024Article
- Clinical spectrum and evolution of immune-checkpoint inhibitors toxicities over a decade-a worldwide perspective.EClinicalMedicine · 2024Article
- Enhancing HCC Treatment: innovatively combining HDAC2 inhibitor with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition.Cancer cell international · 2023Review
- Biomarkers predicting the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsThe impacts of macrovascular invasion (MVI) or extrahepatic spread (EHS) on the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) among hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients remain unclear. Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify whether ICI therapy is a feasible treatment option for HCC with MVI or EHS.
methodsEligible studies published before September 14, 2022, were retrieved. In this meta-analysis, the objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and occurrence of adverse events (AEs) were outcomes of interest.
resultsFifty-four studies involving 6187 individuals were included. The findings indicated that the presence of EHS in ICI-treated HCC patients may indicate an inferior ORR (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.63-0.96), but may not significantly affect the PFS (multivariate analyses: HR 1.27, 95% CI 0.70-2.31) and OS (multivariate analyses: HR 1.23, 95% CI 0.70-2.16). Additionally, the presence of MVI in ICI-treated HCC patients may not have significant prognostic impact on ORR (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.64-1.10), but may indicate inferior PFS (multivariate analyses: HR 1.75, 95% CI 1.07-2.84) and OS (multivariate analyses: HR 2.03, 95% CI 1.31-3.14). The presence of EHS or MVI in ICI-treated HCC patients may not significantly impact the occurrence of any serious immune-related adverse events (irAEs) (grades ≥ 3) (EHS: OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.12-1.56; MVI: OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.24-1.88).
conclusionThe presence of MVI or EHS in ICI-treated HCC patients may not significantly impact the occurrence of serious irAEs. However, the presence of MVI (but not EHS) in ICI-treated HCC patients may be a significant negative prognostic factor. Therefore, ICI-treated HCC patients with MVI warrant more attention.
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