ArticleNeuropathology and applied neurobiology2023
Paths to hippocampal damage in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.
Article in Neuropathology and applied neurobiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Brain atrophy in NMOSD and MOGAD: a meta-analysis of volumetric and DTI biomarkers.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- The immunological landscape of the area postrema in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Paths to hippocampal damage in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.Neuropathology and applied neurobiology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aimsMany patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) suffer from cognitive impairment affecting memory, processing speed and attention and suffer from depressive symptoms. Because some of these manifestations could trace back to the hippocampus, several magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have been performed in the past, with a number of groups describing volume loss of the hippocampus in NMOSD patients, whereas others did not observe such changes. Here, we addressed these discrepancies.
methodsWe performed pathological and MRI studies on the hippocampi of NMOSD patients, combined with detailed immunohistochemical analysis of hippocampi from experimental models of NMOSD.
resultsWe identified different pathological scenarios for hippocampal damage in NMOSD and its experimental models. In the first case, the hippocampus was compromised by the initiation of astrocyte injury in this brain region and subsequent local effects of microglial activation and neuronal damage. In the second case, loss of hippocampal volume was seen by MRI in patients with large tissue-destructive lesions in the optic nerves or the spinal cord, and the pathological work-up of tissue derived from a patient with such lesions revealed subsequent retrograde neuronal degeneration affecting different axonal tracts and neuronal networks. It remains to be seen whether remote lesions and associated retrograde neuronal degeneration on their own are sufficient to cause extensive volume loss of the hippocampus, or whether they act in concert with small astrocyte-destructive, microglia-activating lesions in the hippocampus that escape detection by MRI, either due to their small size or due to the chosen time window for examination.
conclusionsDifferent pathological scenarios can culminate in hippocampal volume loss in NMOSD patients.
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