ArticleCureus2023
Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Localized Prostate Cancer: Do They Play an Important Role?
Article in Cureus, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- C-reactive protein-albumin-lymphocyte index predicts biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer.Canadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada · 2026Article
- PD-L1 Expression in Prostate Cancer: Anatomopathological Features, Methodological Pitfalls, and Therapeutic Potential.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Modelling of immune infiltration in prostate cancer treated with HDR-brachytherapy using Raman spectroscopy and machine learning.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A PSMA-Targeted Tri-Specific Killer Engager Enhances NK Cell Cytotoxicity against Prostate Cancer.Cancer immunology research · 2025Article
- Relationship between tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and hormone-sensitive (breast and prostate) cancer survival: cases received at Yaoundé General Hospital (Cameroon) from 2019 to 2023.The Pan African medical journal · 2025Article
- Vaccination Against Androgen Receptor Splice Variants to Immunologically Target Prostate Cancer.Vaccines · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background Localized prostate cancer is a heterogeneous entity, and new biomarkers are required for risk stratification. This study aimed to characterize tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in localized prostate cancer and assess their potential prognostic markers. Methodology Radical prostatectomy specimens were analyzed to determine infiltration levels of CD4+, CD8+, T cells, and B cells (characterized by CD20+ cells) in the tumor tissue using immunohistochemistry and the recommendations of the International TILs Working Group 2014. The clinical endpoint was biochemical recurrence (BCR), and the study sample was divided into two cohorts (cohort 1: without BCR; cohort 2: with BCR). Prognostic markers were assessed using Kaplan-Meier and univariate/multivariate Cox regression analysis using SPSS version 25 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results We included 96 patients in this study. BCR occurred in 51% of the patients. Normal TILs infiltration was found in most of the patients (41/31, 87%/63%). T CD4+ infiltration was statistically superior in cohort 2. This enrichment was associated with BCR (p < 0.05; log-rank test). After adjustment for routine clinical variables and Gleason grade groups (grade group ≤2 and grade group ≥3), it remained an independent prognostic variable of early BCR (p < 0.05; multivariate Cox regression). Conclusions This study showed that immune cell infiltration appears to be an important prognostic variable for early recurrence in localized prostate cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.