ArticleJournal of neurology2023
Status dystonicus in adult patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate-acid receptor encephalitis.
Article in Journal of neurology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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5 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical features and outcomes of anti-NMDAR autoimmune-related central nervous system involvement in patients with teratoma: a retrospective cohort study.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Article
- Refractory "status dyskineticus" in a child with post-herpes simplex virus 1 N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis: a case report.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- Prediction model for severe autoimmune encephalitis: a tool for risk assessment and individualized treatment guidance.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Movement disorders in autoimmune encephalitis: an update.Journal of neurology · 2023Review
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7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
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Abstract
objectiveStatus dystonicus (SD) is a severe movement disorder (MD) and has rarely been recognized in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate-acid receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis, particularly in adult patients. We aim to explore the clinical characteristics and outcome of SD in anti-NMDAR encephalitis.
methodsPatients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis admitted to Xuanwu Hospital from July 2013 to December 2019 were prospectively enrolled. SD was diagnosed based on the patients' clinical manifestations and video EEG monitoring. Outcome was evaluated 6 and 12 months after enrollment using the modified Ranking Scale (mRS).
resultsA total of 172 patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis, including 95 males (55.2%) and 77 females (44.8%) with a median age of 26 years (interquartile range 19 to 34) were enrolled. Eighty patients (46.5%) presented with movement disorder (MD), 14 of whom suffered from SD, which manifested as chorea (14/14, 100%), orofacial dyskinesia (12/14, 85.7%), generalized dystonia (8/14, 57.1%), tremor (8/14, 57.1%), stereotypies (5/14, 35.7%), and catatonia (1/14, 7.1%) of the trunk and limbs. All SD patients exhibited disturbed consciousness and central hypoventilation, requiring intensive care. SD patients also had high cerebrospinal fluid NMDAR antibody titers, a higher proportion of ovarian teratoma, higher mRS scores upon enrollment, longer duration to recover, and poorer outcomes at 6 (P < 0.05) but not at 12 months as compared to non-SD patients.
conclusionSD is not uncommon in anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients and relates to the severity and worse short-term outcome of the anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Early recognition of SD and timely treatment is important to shorten the time needed for recuperation.
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