ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences2023
Direct and Indirect Effects of Socioeconomic Status and Discrimination on Subjective Cognitive Decline: A Longitudinal Study of African American Women.
Article in The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lifecourse socioeconomic status and subjective cognitive decline among diverse older adults.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- Associations between discriminatory experiences and dementia in the Health and Retirement Study.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
- Diabetes and Hypertension at Midlife Predict Increases in Biomarkers of Dementia Among Black Americans.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Resilience and social support as correlates of dementia risk: insights from a biopsychosocial analysis of the All of Us dataset.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- How much can biomarkers explain sociodemographic inequalities in cognitive dysfunction and cognitive impairment? Results from a machine learning model in the Health and Retirement Study.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2025Article
- Biological aging and its association with serum neurofilament light chain levels in middle-aged African Americans: a prospective observational study.Aging advances · 2025Article
- Differential Impact of Risk Factors for Cognitive Decline in Heterosexual and Sexual Minority Older Adults in England.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Racial discrimination predicts subjective cognitive decline: Perceived relationship support buffers the association.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2024Article
- Modifiable dementia risk factors associated with objective and subjective cognition.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Multi-discrimination exposure and biological aging: Results from the midlife in the United States study.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- Discrimination and Cognition in Midlife Black Women: The Roles of Social Support and Spirituality.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2024Article
- Brain Health and Cognition in Older Adults: Roadmap and Milestones towards the Implementation of Preventive Strategies.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Geroscience-Centric Perspective for Geriatric Psychiatry: Integrating Aging Biology With Geriatric Mental Health Research.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry · 2024Review
- The absence of formal work experience may affect the rate of cognitive decline in older adult women: findings from the health and retirement study.Frontiers in global women's health · 2024Article
- Does the Cognitive Change Index Predict Future Cognitive and Clinical Decline? Longitudinal Analysis in a Demographically Diverse Cohort.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2024Article
- Correlates of Subjective Cognitive Decline in Black American Men.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2024Article
- Subjective cognitive decline across ethnoracial groups in the A4 study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThe present study builds on recent findings suggesting that the stress of institutional and interpersonal racism may contribute to African Americans' elevated risk for dementia. We investigated the extent to which 2 consequences of racism-low socioeconomic status (SES) and discrimination-predict self-reported cognitive decline (SCD) 19 years later. Further, we examined potential mediating pathways that might link SES and discrimination to cognitive decline. Potential mediators included depression, accelerated biological aging, and onset of chronic illnesses.
methodsHypotheses were tested using a sample of 293 African American women. SCD was assessed using the Everyday Cognition Scale. Structural equation modeling was used to assess the effects of SES and racial discrimination, both measured in 2002, on SCD reported in 2021. Turning to the mediators, midlife depression was assessed in 2002, accelerated aging in 2019, and chronic illness in 2019. Age and prodrome depression were included as covariates.
resultsThere were direct effects of SES and discrimination on SCD. In addition, these 2 stressors showed a significant indirect effect on SCD through depression. Finally, there was evidence for a more complex pathway where SES and discrimination accelerate biological aging, with accelerated aging, in turn leading to chronic illness, which then predicted SCD. DISCUSSION: Results of the present study add to a growing literature indicating that living in a racialized society is a central factor in explaining the high risk for dementia among Black Americans. Future research should continue to emphasize the various ways that exposure to racism over the life course effects cognition.
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