ArticleOphthalmology2023
Ocular Pain after Refractive Surgery: Interim Analysis of Frequency and Risk Factors.
Article in Ophthalmology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of common pharmacological strategies for post-photorefractive keratectomy pain management: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence and risk factors for the development of chronic postoperative pain after cataract surgery in the Age-related Eye Disease Study (AREDS).The journal of pain · 2025Trial
- Macrophages increase in corneal epithelium and stroma after photorefractive keratectomy-like corneal abrasion and amplify ocular pain responses in rats.Experimental eye research · 2026Article
- Anticipated and Actual Pain Intensity in Patients Receiving Intravitreal Injections: A Cross Sectional Study.Nursing open · 2026Article
- The Impact of Real-Time Data Analytics on Infection Prevention and Control Practices in Ophthalmology: A Nursing Perspective on Patient Outcomes and Cost-Effectiveness.Nursing & health sciences · 2026Article
- Corneal Innervation Research at a Crossroads: A Tool-Driven Roadmap for the Future.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Review
- Clinical outcomes and safety of preservative-free diclofenac sodium eye drops in SPT-assisted transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Differences in pre-surgical baseline tear proteome are associated with persistent post-refractive surgery pain.The ocular surface · 2025Article
- Approach to Eye Pain: Differential Diagnosis and Work Up for the Neurologist.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2025Review
- Neuropathic corneal pain following refractive surgery: risk factors, clinical manifestations, imaging and proteomic characteristics.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Long-Term Evolution of Chronic Neuropathic Ocular Pain and Dry Eye Following Corneal Refractive Surgery.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Pinning down a perpetrator in postsurgical eye pain.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Prospective cohort study investigating frequency and risk factors for acute pain 1 day after refractive surgery.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Tear Proteins Altered in Patients with Persistent Eye Pain after Refractive Surgery: Biomarker Candidate Discovery.Journal of proteome research · 2024Article
- Research Hotspots of Acupuncture Treatment for Myopia Over the Past Decade: A Bibliometric Analysis (2014-2023).Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo examine the frequency and risk factors for ocular pain after laser assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).
designProspective study of individuals undergoing refractive surgery at 2 different centers.
participantsOne hundred nine individuals undergoing refractive surgery: 87% LASIK and 13% PRK.
methodsParticipants rated ocular pain on a numerical rating scale (NRS) of 0 to 10 before surgery and 1 day, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery. A clinical examination focused on ocular surface health was performed 3 and 6 months after surgery. Persistent ocular pain was defined as an NRS score of 3 or more at both 3 and 6 months after surgery (patients), and this group was compared with individuals with NRS scores of < 3 at both time points (control participants).
main outcome measuresIndividuals with persistent ocular pain after refractive surgery.
resultsThe 109 patients who underwent refractive surgery were followed up for 6 months after surgery. Mean age was 34 ± 8 years (range, 23-57 years); 62% self-identified as female, 81% as White, and 33% as Hispanic. Eight patients (7%) reported ocular pain (NRS score ≥ 3) before surgery, with the frequency of ocular pain increasing after surgery to 23% (n = 25) at 3 months and 24% (n = 26) at 6 months. Twelve patients (11%) reported an NRS score of 3 or more at both time points and constituted the persistent pain group. Factors that predicted persistent pain after surgery in a multivariable analysis were (1) ocular pain before surgery predicated persistent pain after surgery (odds ratio [OR], 1.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-3.31), (2) symptom report of depression before surgery (Patient Health Questionnaire-9: OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.6; P = 0.01), (3) use of an oral antiallergy medication before surgery (OR, 13.6; 95% CI, 2.1-89.3; P = 0.007), and (4) pain intensity day 1 after surgery (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2-2.2; P = 0.005). There were no significant associations between ocular surface signs of tear dysfunction and ocular pain, P > 0.05 for all ocular surface signs. Most individuals (> 90%) were completely or somewhat satisfied with their vision at 3 and 6 months.
conclusionsEleven percent of individuals reported persistent ocular pain after refractive surgery, with several preoperative and perioperative factors predicting pain after surgery. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.
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