Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36809505›Full record

Trial reportJournal of anesthesia2023

Assessment of efficiency of mirror therapy in preventing phantom limb pain in patients undergoing below-knee amputation surgery-a randomized clinical trial.

Samatharman Purushothaman, Pankaj Kundra, Muthapillai Senthilnathan, Sarath Chandra Sistla, Shathish Kumar

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Journal of anesthesia, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
5.9field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Neural correlates of phantom motor execution: A functional neuroimaging systematic review and meta-analysis.Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior · 2024
    Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Phantom Limb Pain Management.The Journal of hand surgery · 2025
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Samatharman PurushothamanDepartment of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Second Floor, Institute Block, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, 605006, India.
Pankaj KundraDepartment of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Second Floor, Institute Block, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, 605006, India. p_kundra@hotmail.com.
Muthapillai SenthilnathanDepartment of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Second Floor, Institute Block, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, 605006, India.
Sarath Chandra SistlaDepartment of Surgery, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry, India.
Shathish KumarDepartment of Anaesthesiology, Manipal Hospital Whitefield, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research · INManipal Hospital · INSri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital · IN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

PURPOSE AND

objectivesPhantom limb pain (PLP) is a major cause of physical limitation and disability accounting for about 85% of amputated patients. Mirror therapy is used as a therapeutic modality for patients with phantom limb pain. Primary objective was to study the incidence of PLP at 6 months following below-knee amputation between the mirror therapy group and control group.

methodsPatients posted for below-knee amputation surgery were randomized into two groups. Patients allocated to group M received mirror therapy in post-operative period. Two sessions of therapy were given per day for 7 days and each session lasted for 20 min. Patients who developed pain from the missing portion of the amputated limb were considered to have PLP. All patients were followed up for six months and the time of occurrence of PLP and intensity of the pain were recorded among other demographic factors.

resultsA total of 120 patients completed the study after recruitment. The demographic parameters were comparable between the two groups. Overall incidence of phantom limb pain was significantly higher in the control group (Group C) when compared to the mirror therapy (Group M) group [Group M = 7 (11.7%) vs Group C = 17 (28.3%); p = 0.022]. Intensity of PLP measured on the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) was significantly lower at 3 months in Group M compared to Group C among patients who developed PLP [NRS - median (Inter quartile range): Group M 5 (4,5) vs Group C 6 (5,6); p 0.001].

conclusionMirror therapy reduced the incidence of phantom limb pain when administered pre-emptively in patients undergoing amputation surgeries. The severity of the pain was also found to be lower at 3 months in patients who received pre-emptive mirror therapy.

trial registrationThis prospective study was registered in the clinical trial registry of India. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: CTRI/2020/07/026488.

Indexed as

AmputeesPhantom LimbAmputation, SurgicalHumansMirror Movement TherapyProspective StudiesNRS scorePhantom Limb PainPhantom Limb SensationPreemptive Mirror Therapy

Identifiers

PMID36809505
OpenAlexW4321436496

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.