ArticlePain medicine (Malden, Mass.)2023
The Pain and PRAYER Scale (PPRAYERS): development and validation of a scale to measure pain-related prayer.
Article in Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectivesPrayer is a devotional practice used across religious traditions to commune with the sacred and has been used as a coping strategy for pain. Previous research on prayer as a pain coping strategy has had mixed results, with prayer associated with both greater and lesser pain depending on prayer type. To date, there has been only 1 measure of pain-related prayer, the prayer subscale of the Coping Strategies Questionnaire-Revised, which measures solely passive prayer, neglecting other types of prayer (eg, active and neutral). To better understand the relationship between pain and prayer, a comprehensive measure of prayer for pain is needed. The aim of this study was to develop and validate the Pain-related PRAYER Scale (PPRAYERS), a questionnaire exploring active, passive, and neutral petitionary prayers to God or a higher power in response to pain.
methodsAdults with chronic pain (n = 411) completed demographic, health, and pain-related questionnaires, including PPRAYERS.
resultsResults of an exploratory factor analysis yielded a 3-factor structure consistent with active, passive, and neutral subscales. A confirmatory factor analysis resulted in adequate fit after the removal of 5 items. PPRAYERS showed good internal consistency and convergent and discriminant validity. DISCUSSION: These results provide preliminary validation for PPRAYERS, a novel measure for pain-related prayer.
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