ArticleEye (London, England)2023
Corneal nerve loss and increased Langerhans cells are associated with disease severity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Article in Eye (London, England), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Quantitative assessment of rheumatoid arthritis treatment response using short-wave infrared hyperspectral imaging soft abundance scoring.Journal of biomedical optics · 2026Article
- Tofacitinib demonstrates favorable efficacy but an increased risk of herpes zoster in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a retrospective cohort analysis.American journal of translational research · 2026Article
- Aging and Corneal Nerve Health: Mechanisms of Degeneration and Emerging Therapies for the Cornea.Cells · 2025Review
- Small Fiber Morphology and Function in Inclusion Body Myositis-A Multimodal Assessment Including Confocal Corneal Microscopy.European journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Visual analysis of research trends in diabetes-associated dry eyeInternational journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- CD4Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Pathogenesis of Extraarticular Manifestations in Rheumatoid Arthritis-A Comprehensive Review.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- The Notch signaling-regulated angiogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis: pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic potentials.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Collagen mimetic peptide repair of the corneal nerve bed in a mouse model of dry eye disease.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multisystem autoimmune disorder characterized by articular and extra-articular manifestations. Neuropathy is a poorly studied manifestation of RA. The aim of this study was to utilize the rapid non-invasive ophthalmic imaging technique of corneal confocal microscopy to identify whether there is evidence of small nerve fibre injury and immune cell activation in patients with RA. SUBJECTS/
methodsFifty consecutive patients with RA and 35 healthy control participants were enrolled in this single-centre, cross-sectional study conducted at a university hospital. Disease activity was assessed with the 28-Joint Disease Activity Score and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR). Central corneal sensitivity was measured with a Cochet-Bonnet contact corneal esthesiometer. A laser scanning in vivo corneal confocal microscope was used to quantify corneal nerve fibre density (CNFD), nerve branch density (CNBD), nerve fibre length (CNFL), and Langerhans cell (LC) density.
resultsCorneal sensitivity (P = 0.01), CNFD (P = 0.02), CNBD (P < 0.001), and CNFL (P < 0.001) were lower, and mature (P = 0.001) and immature LC densities (P = 0.011) were higher in patients with RA compared to control subjects. CNFD (P = 0.016) and CNFL (P = 0.028) were significantly lower in patients with moderate to high (DAS28-ESR > 3.2) compared to mild (DAS28-ESR ≤ 3.2) disease activity. Furthermore, the DAS28-ESR score correlated with CNFD (r = -0.425; P = 0.002), CNBD (ρ = -0.362; P = 0.010), CNFL (r = -0.464; P = 0.001), total LC density (ρ = 0.362; P = 0.010) and immature LC density (ρ = 0.343; P = 0.015).
conclusionsThis study demonstrates reduced corneal sensitivity, corneal nerve fibre loss and increased LCs which were associated with the severity of disease activity in patients with RA.
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