ReviewAnatomy & cell biology2023
Novel anatomical proposal for botulinum neurotoxin injection targeting depressor anguli oris for treating drooping mouth corner.
Review in Anatomy & cell biology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Italian Consensus and Review in Lower Face Mimetic Muscle Treatment with Botulinum Toxin-A.Toxins · 2026Review
- The Impact of Dosage and Injection Site on Type A Botulinum Toxin Treatment for Oral Commissure Ptosis: A Prospective Study.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Article
- Botulinum Toxin Effects and Its Association with Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Determining the Position, Morphology, and Location of the Depressor Anguli Muscle Through Ultrasound in the Caucasian Population.Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum · 2026Article
- Neural Distribution-Guided Botulinum Toxin Injection for Platysma muscle: A Split-Neck Comparison With Conventional Technique.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2026Article
- Textbook-Ultrasound-Cadaver: A Three-Step Learning Method in Facial Botulinum Toxin Type A Injection.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Article
- Optimizing Botulinum Toxin Injections in the Platysma Muscle Based on Motor Nerve Distribution.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Article
- Ultrasound-Guided "Cross Injection" Technique for Mouth Corner Lift with Botulinum Toxin Type A.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2025Article
- Article
- Sonoanatomy of injecting botulinum neurotoxin into the facial muscles.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2024Review
- Review
- Botulinum neurotoxin injection for treating plunged nose and post-rhinoplasty: anatomical perspectives of depressor septi nasi, nasalis, leveator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle.Anatomy & cell biology · 2023Review
- Intramuscular neural distribution of the teres minor muscle using Sihler's stain: application to botulinum neurotoxin injection.Anatomy & cell biology · 2023Article
- Consensus Statement on the Use of Botulinum Neurotoxin in the Middle East.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The depressor anguli oris (DAO) muscle is a thin, superficial muscle located below the corner of the mouth. It is the target for botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injection therapy, aimed at treating drooping mouth corners. Hyperactivity of the DAO muscle can lead to a sad, tired, or angry appearance in some patients. However, it is difficult to inject BoNT into the DAO muscle because its medial border overlaps with the depressor labii inferioris and its lateral border is adjacent to the risorius, zygomaticus major, and platysma muscles. Moreover, a lack of knowledge of the anatomy of the DAO muscle and the properties of BoNT can lead to side effects, such as asymmetrical smiles. Anatomical-based injection sites were provided for the DAO muscle, and the proper injection technique was reviewed. We proposed optimal injection sites based on the external anatomical landmarks of the face. The aim of these guidelines is to standardize the procedure and maximize the effects of BoNT injections while minimizing adverse events, all by reducing the dose unit and injection points.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.