ArticleGraefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie2023
Clinical phenotypes of euthyroid, hyperthyroid, and hypothyroid thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.
Article in Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- MRI-based evaluation of orbital structures in relation to thyroid function in thyroid eye disease.Endocrine · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic profiling of thyroid eye disease orbital fibroblasts identifies sorafenib as a novel therapeutic.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Tocilizumab as an effective treatment option for idiopathic orbital inflammation: a case report and literature review.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Immune checkpoints: new insights into the pathogenesis of thyroid eye disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
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4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo compare the demographic and clinical phenotypes of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) with euthyroidism (Eu-TAO), hyperthyroidism (Hr-TAO), and hypothyroidism (Ho-TAO).
methodsWe enrolled 2158 TAO patients in this retrospective study and assessed their demographics, clinical manifestations, activity, and severity.
resultsAmong the enrolled patients, 526 (24.37%) had Eu-TAO, 1544 (71.55%) had Hr-TAO, and 88 (4.08%) had Ho-TAO. Compared to Hr-TAO (2.02) and Ho-TAO (2.52) patients, Eu-TAO (1.57) patients had the lowest female-to-male ratio (p = 0.026). The mean ages of Eu-TAO, Hr-TAO, and Ho-TAO patients were 43.11 ± 12.05, 42.23 ± 13.63, and 47.39 ± 13.28 years, respectively (p = 0.001). Patients with Eu-TAO had more unilateral involvement (50% vs. 14.38% vs. 21.59%, p < 0.001) than Hr-TAO or Ho-TAO patients. Clinically active TAO patients presented 8.56% in euthyroid vs. 13.86% in hyperthyroid vs. 11.36% in hypothyroid (p = 0.006). Regarding the severity of the European Group on Graves' Orbitopathy (EUGOGO) classification among euthyroid, hyperthyroid, and hypothyroid patients, mild TAO was present in 67.68, 54.27, and 72.72% of participants, moderate-to-severe TAO in 31.18, 42.49, and 26.14%, and sight-threatening TAO in 1.14, 3.24, and 1.14%, respectively. Eu-TAO was positively correlated with unilateral involvement (OR = 5.671, p < 0.001) and age (OR = 1.013, p = 0.003) and negatively correlated with the female-to-male ratio (OR = 0.656, p < 0.001) and TAO severity (OR = 0.742, p < 0.01).
conclusionsEu-TAO patients are older and less likely to be female, and show more unilateral and milder clinical phenotypes than hyper/hypothyroid TAO patients.
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