ArticleMaturitas2023
Natural vs. surgical postmenopause and psychological symptoms confound the effect of menopause on executive functioning domains of cognitive experience.
Article in Maturitas, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Nutritional Interventions for Perimenopausal Anxiety and Depression Targeting Tryptophan and GABA Pathways: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Pharmacological Management of ADHD in Women Across Perimenopause, Menopause and Post-Menopause.Drugs & aging · 2026Review
- Considerations and practical recommendations for identifying perimenopause in longitudinal research.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2026Review
- Association between physical activity and mortality in postmenopausal women: evidence from NHANES 2007-2018.BMC women's health · 2026Article
- Thioredoxin-1 Regulates Microglia Polarization to Ameliorate Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Impairment Following Tumor-Therapeutic Ovariectomy.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2026Article
- Examining the Link Between ADHD Symptoms and Menopausal Experiences.Journal of attention disorders · 2025Article
- Association between serum zinc concentration and fracture risk in postmenopausal women: a 9-year cohort study.Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2025Article
- Incarcerated adolescents scoring high on the Brown Attention-Deficit Disorder Scale are characterized by impairments within brain regions associated with executive control: A source-based morphometry study.Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging · 2025Article
- Perimenopausal symptoms in women with and without ADHD: A population-based cohort study.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Article
- Follicle-stimulating hormone: More than a marker for menopause: FSH as a frontier for women's mental health.Psychiatry research · 2025Review
- Research advances and future directions in female ADHD: the lifelong interplay of hormonal fluctuations with mood, cognition, and disease.Frontiers in global women's health · 2025Review
- Reproductive Psychiatry: Postpartum Depression is Only the Tip of the Iceberg.Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing) · 2024Article
- Hormones as Psychotropic Interventions in Females.Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe menopause transition is associated with difficulties in executive function. However, it is unclear whether these difficulties persist past perimenopause. This study investigated whether potential confounders, including natural vs. surgical postmenopause and menopause-related psychological symptoms, influence whether executive dysfunction persists into postmenopause. STUDY
designA cross-sectional sample of women aged 35-65 years (N = 1971) in one of four groups, premenopause, perimenopause, natural postmenopause, and surgical postmenopause, were surveyed. Participants self-reported executive functioning with the Brown Attention Deficit Disorder Scale (BADDS), anxiety symptom severity with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7), and depression symptom severity with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD).
main outcome measuresWe analyzed the association between group and BADDS scores using linear regression models - first, by controlling for age, education, and self-reported attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis (Model #1) and, second, by further controlling for current difficulty sleeping, anxiety, and depression (Model #2).
resultsIn both models, BADDS scores were significantly elevated (indicating more difficulties in executive function) among women in the perimenopausal and surgical postmenopausal groups compared with those in the premenopausal group. Likewise, the perimenopausal and surgical postmenopausal groups had the highest proportions of participants who reported difficulty sleeping and clinical levels of anxiety and depression. BADDS scores were significantly higher in natural postmenopausal vs. premenopausal women without controlling for difficulty sleeping, anxiety, and depression (Model #1), but not when adjusting for these variables (Model #2).
conclusionsThe type of menopause and psychological symptoms are important confounders of the relationship between the menopause transition and executive dysfunction, and help explain whether executive dysfunction persists or recovers in postmenopause.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.