ArticleThe journal of nutrition, health & aging2023
Frailty Reduces Vaccine Effectiveness Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Test-Negative Case Control Study Using National VA Data.
Article in The journal of nutrition, health & aging, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Frailty of older patients is not reflected in the melanoma tumor microenvironment and treatment response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Real-World Effectiveness of Boosting Against Omicron Hospitalization in Older Adults, Stratified by Frailty.Vaccines · 2025Article
- The prognostic value of Clinical Frailty Scale in COVID-19 pneumonia across different pandemic phases: a comparison between the first and the fourth wave.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- VA Big Data Science: A Model for Improved National Pandemic Response Present and Future.Federal practitioner : for the health care professionals of the VA, DoD, and PHS · 2023Article
- Frailty and Humoral Immune Responses Following COVID-19 Vaccination among Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2023Article
- Editorial: COVID in Older People: Some Answers, New Questions.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2023Article
- Approach to COVID-19 in older adults and indications for improving the outcomes.Annals of medicine · 2023Review
- Editorial: COVID-19 Infection in Frailty - Still Plenty of Research Needed but Making Progress.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo assess the variation of vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection during the Delta wave according to frailty status among U.S. veterans.
designTest-negative case-control study of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine effectiveness.
settingVeterans Health Administration (VHA) medical centers.
participantsVeterans 19 years and older who had at least one COVID-19/Flu like symptoms and received a SARS-CoV-2 PCR or antigen test at VHA medical centers between July 25 to September 30, 2021.
interventionmRNA vaccination. MEASUREMENTS: New SARS-CoV-2 infection. Vaccine effectiveness was defined as 1-odds of vaccination in cases/odds of vaccination in controls, where cases were patients who had a COVID-19 test and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, and controls were those who tested negative. Frailty was measured using the VA frailty index, categorized as robust (0-<0.1), pre-frail (≥0.1-<0.21) and frail (≥0.21).
resultsA total of 58,604 patients (age:58.9±17.0, median:61, IQR:45-72; 87.5%men; 68.1%white; 1.3%African American, 8.3%Hispanic) were included in the study. Of these, 27,733 (47.3%) were robust, 16,276 (27.8%) were prefrail, and 14,595 (24.9%) were frail. mRNA vaccine effectiveness against the Delta variant symptomatic infection was lower in patients with frailty, 62.8 %(95%CI:59.8-65.7), versus prefrail 73.9%(95%CI:72.0-75.7), and robust, 77.0 %(95%CI:75.7-78.3).
conclusionsThis test-negative case control study showed that mRNA vaccine effectiveness against infection declined in veterans with frailty. Frailty status is a factor to consider when designing, developing, and evaluating COVID-19 vaccines.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.