Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36806100›Full record

ArticleInternational urology and nephrology2023

Multimorbidity prevalence and patterns in chronic kidney disease: findings from an observational multicentre UK cohort study.

Grace Hawthorne, Courtney J Lightfoot, Alice C Smith, Kamlesh Khunti, Thomas J Wilkinson

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International urology and nephrology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
30citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

30 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Effect of pharmacist interventions in chronic kidney disease: a meta-analysis.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2025
    Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Guideline
  5. Trial
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Tough versus soft regulations to promote generic medications in Italy.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2026
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Contemporary Perspectives on Chronic Renal Disorders.Chronic diseases and translational medicine · 2025
    Review
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Grace HawthorneNIHR Applied Research Collaboration (ARC) East Midlands, Leicester Diabetes Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK. gf120@leicester.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7198-708X
Courtney J LightfootLeicester Kidney Lifestyle Team, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Alice C SmithLeicester Kidney Lifestyle Team, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Kamlesh KhuntiNIHR Applied Research Collaboration (ARC) East Midlands, Leicester Diabetes Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK.
Thomas J WilkinsonNIHR Applied Research Collaboration (ARC) East Midlands, Leicester Diabetes Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeMultimorbidity [defined as two or more long-term conditions (LTCs)] contributes to increased treatment and medication burden, poor health-related quality of life, and worse outcomes. Management strategies need to be patient centred and tailored depending on existing comorbidities; however, little is known about the prevalence and patterns of comorbidities in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We investigated the prevalence of multimorbidity and comorbidity patterns across all CKD stages.

methodsMultimorbidity was assessed, using a composite of self-report and clinical data, across four CKD groups stratified by eGFR [stage 1-2, stage 3a&b, stage 4-5, and kidney transplant (KTx)]. Principal component analysis using varimax rotation was used to identify comorbidity clusters across each group.

resultsOf the 978 participants (mean 66.3 ± 14 years, 60% male), 96.0% had multimorbidity. In addition to CKD, the mean number of comorbidities was 3.0 ± 1.7. Complex multimorbidity (i.e. ≥ 4 multiple LTCs) was identified in 560 (57.3%) participants. When stratified by CKD stage, the two most prevalent comorbidities across all stages were hypertension (> 55%) and musculoskeletal disorders (> 40%). The next most prevalent comorbidity for CKD stages 1-2 was lung conditions and for CKD stages 3 and 4-5 it was heart problems. CKD stages 1-2 showed different comorbidity patterns and clustering compared to other CKD stages.

conclusionMost people across the spectrum of CKD have multimorbidity. Different patterns of multimorbidity exist at different stages of CKD, and as such, clinicians should consider patient comorbidities to integrate care and provide effective treatment strategies.

Indexed as

MultimorbidityRenal Insufficiency, ChronicChronic DiseaseCohort StudiesComorbidityFemaleHumansMalePrevalenceQuality of LifeUnited KingdomChronic kidney diseaseComorbidityMultimorbidityTransplant

Identifiers

PMID36806100
PMCPMC10329585

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.