ArticleAnnals of botany2023
Niche evolution in a northern temperate tree lineage: biogeographical legacies in cork oaks (Quercus section Cerris).
Article in Annals of botany, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Past projections of submediterranean oaks unveil future range shifts of vulnerable taxa under climate change.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Conservation Hotspots ofEcology and evolution · 2026Article
- Design and application of species-specific primers to Quercus cerris roots' identification in urban forests.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Diversity of Volatile Emissions From Cork Oak: Quantity and Quality Vary Independently Across Its Range.Ecology and evolution · 2025Article
- Mitochondrial genome of Quercus chenii: genomic features and evolutionary implications.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- A Vanishing Imprint? Modeling the Present and Future Distribution of the EnigmaticEcology and evolution · 2025Article
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6 authors.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsCork oaks (Quercus section Cerris) comprise 15 extant species in Eurasia. Despite being a small clade, they display a range of leaf morphologies comparable to the largest sections (>100 spp.) in Quercus. Their fossil record extends back to the Eocene. Here, we explore how cork oaks achieved their modern ranges and how legacy effects might explain niche evolution in modern species of section Cerris and its sister section Ilex, the holly oaks.
methodsWe inferred a dated phylogeny for cork and holly oaks using a reduced-representation next-generation sequencing method, restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq), and used D-statistics to investigate gene flow hypotheses. We estimated divergence times using a fossilized birth-death model calibrated with 47 fossils. We used Köppen profiles, selected bioclimatic parameters and forest biomes occupied by modern species to infer ancestral climatic and biotic niches. KEY
resultsEast Asian and Western Eurasian cork oaks diverged initially in the Eocene. Subsequently, four Western Eurasian lineages (subsections) differentiated during the Oligocene and Miocene. Evolution of leaf size, form and texture was correlated, in part, with multiple transitions from ancestral humid temperate climates to mediterranean, arid and continental climates. Distantly related but ecologically similar species converged on similar leaf traits in the process.
conclusionsOriginating in temperate (frost-free) biomes, Eocene to Oligocene ranges of the primarily deciduous cork oaks were restricted to higher latitudes (Siberia to north of Paratethys). Members of the evergreen holly oaks (section Ilex) also originated in temperate biomes but migrated southwards and south-westwards into then-(sub)tropical southern China and south-eastern Tibet during the Eocene, then westwards along existing pre-Himalayan mountain ranges. Divergent biogeographical histories and deep-time phylogenetic legacies (in cold and drought tolerance, nutrient storage and fire resistance) thus account for the modern species mosaic of Western Eurasian oak communities, which are composed of oaks belonging to four sections.
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