ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2023
Trajectories of Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence and Virologic Failure in Women With HIV in the United States.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between eating vegetables first at the meal and mental capital: A-CHILD study.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Latent Healthcare Stigma Profiles and Their Association With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Treatment and Care Outcomes Among Women With HIV in the United States: An Intersectional Analysis.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Effect of Machine Learning on Risk Stratification for Antiretroviral Treatment Failure in People Living with HIV.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
14 authors at 13 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWomen with HIV (WHIV) in the United States face many challenges with adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART), and suboptimal adherence often leads to virologic failure. This study aimed to determine the association between ART adherence trajectories and the risk of virologic failure.
methodsWe included WHIV (aged 18 years or older) enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study in the United States from April 2014 to September 2019 who had at least 2 consecutive measurements of HIV RNA and ≥3 measurements of self-reported adherence. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify adherence trajectories. Cox proportional hazard ratios were used to measure the association.
main outcome measureVirologic failure was defined as HIV RNA ≥200 copies/mL at 2 consecutive visits.
resultsWe included 1437 WHIV (median age 49 years). Of all women, 173 (12.0%) experienced virologic failure. Four adherence trajectories were identified, namely "consistently high" (26.3%), "moderate increasing" (9.5%), "moderate decreasing" (30.6%), and "consistently low" (33.5%). Women in the consistently low adherence group consumed alcohol and experienced depression more than other groups. Compared with the "consistently high" trajectory, the risk of virologic failure was higher among women with "consistently low" [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 2.8; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.6 to 4.9; P < 0.001] and "moderate decreasing" adherence trajectories (aHR 1.8; 95% CI: 1.0 to 3.2; P = 0.04), but it was similar to those with "moderate increasing" adherence trajectory (aHR 1.0; 95% CI: 0.4 to 2.5; P = 0.94).
conclusionsAdherence to ART remains a challenge among WHIV. Multilevel behavioral interventions to address poor adherence, alcohol consumption, and depression are needed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
36804871PMC10180014W4321366808What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.