ArticleJournal of hepatology2023
Boosting compromised SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity with mRNA vaccination in liver transplant recipients.
Article in Journal of hepatology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Not just another shot: Tailoring vaccination in the era of modern liver transplantation.World journal of transplantation · 2026Review
- Gene therapy for liver diseases: methods, challenges and opportunities.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Unraveling the gut-liver axis in autoimmune liver disease overlap syndrome: A multi-omics perspective.World journal of gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Role of antiviral CD8+ T cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.Journal of virology · 2025Review
- Distinct immune memory induced by SARS-CoV-2 in convalescent liver transplant recipients.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Article
- When Cell-Mediated Immunity after Vaccination Is Important.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Distinct T cell responsiveness to different COVID-19 vaccines and cross-reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 variants with age and CMV status.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Immune responses and clinical outcomes after COVID-19 vaccination in patients with liver disease and liver transplant recipients.Journal of hepatology · 2024Article
- Evaluation of Humoral Response following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-Based Vaccination in Liver Transplant Recipients Receiving Tailored Immunosuppressive Therapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Safety and Efficacy of a Third Dose of the BNT162b2 Vaccine in Liver-Transplanted and Healthy Adolescents.JPGN reports · 2023Article
- Vaccination Recommendations in Solid Organ Transplant Adult Candidates and Recipients.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Cell-mediated and Neutralizing Antibody Responses to the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/BA.5-adapted Bivalent Vaccine Booster in Kidney and Liver Transplant Recipients.Transplantation direct · 2023Article
- Review
- Research landscape on COVID-19 and liver dysfunction: A bibliometric analysis.World journal of gastroenterology · 2023Review
- Third dose of BNT162b2 improves immune response in liver transplant recipients to ancestral strain but not Omicron BA.1 and XBB.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
22 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsLiver transplant recipients (LTRs) demonstrate a reduced response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccination; however, a detailed understanding of the interplay between humoral and cellular immunity, especially after a third (and fourth) vaccine dose, is lacking.
methodsWe longitudinally compared the humoral, as well as CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell, responses between LTRs (n = 24) and healthy controls (n = 19) after three (LTRs: n = 9 to 16; healthy controls: n = 9 to 14 per experiment) to four (LTRs: n = 4; healthy controls: n = 4) vaccine doses, including in-depth phenotypical and functional characterization.
resultsCompared to healthy controls, development of high antibody titers required a third vaccine dose in most LTRs, while spike-specific CD8+ T cells with robust recall capacity plateaued after the second vaccine dose, albeit with a reduced frequency and epitope repertoire compared to healthy controls. This overall attenuated vaccine response was linked to a reduced frequency of spike-reactive follicular T helper cells in LTRs.
conclusionThree doses of a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine induce an overall robust humoral and cellular memory response in most LTRs. Decisions regarding additional booster doses may thus be based on individual vaccine responses as well as evolution of novel variants of concern. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS: Due to immunosuppressive medication, liver transplant recipients (LTR) display reduced antibody titers upon COVID-19 mRNA vaccination, but the impact on long-term immune memory is not clear. Herein, we demonstrate that after three vaccine doses, the majority of LTRs not only exhibit substantial antibody titers, but also a robust memory T-cell response. Additional booster vaccine doses may be of special benefit for a small subset of LTRs with inferior vaccine response and may provide superior protection against evolving novel viral variants. These findings will help physicians to guide LTRs regarding the benefit of booster vaccinations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.