ArticleJournal of mother and child2022
Fetal anomalies in gestational diabetes mellitus and risk of fetal anomalies in relation to pre-conceptional blood sugar and glycosylated hemoglobin.
Article in Journal of mother and child, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 citations in OpenAlex.
- Heart Rate Variability in Newborns From Diabetic Mothers: Clinical Application and Significance.Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology : the official journal of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Inc · 2026Review
- A retrospective analysis of BMI/TP ratio and its predictive role in gestational hypertension outcomes.Medicine · 2025Observational
- Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: The Dual Risk of Small and Large for Gestational Age: A Narrative Review.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe risk of fetal anomalies (FAs) is increased in infants of diabetic mothers. FAs are closely related to the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level in pregnancy.
objectivesTo detect the prevalence of FAs in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). MATERIAL AND
methods157 pregnant women with GDM were included in this study, and data from 151 women were analyzed. Beyond the regular antenatal check-up, the HbA1c was checked monthly during the antenatal follow-up. Collected data after delivery were analyzed to detect the prevalence of FAs in women with GDM and the risk of FAs in relation to the pre-conceptional blood sugar and HbA1c.
resultsThe FAs were recorded in 8.6% (13) of the 151 women with GDM. The recorded FAs were cardiovascular [2.6% (4)], musculoskeletal [1.3% (2)], urogenital [1.3% (2)], gastrointestinal [1.3% (2)], facial [0.7% (1)], central nervous system [0.7% (1)], and multiple FAs [0.7% (1)]. The uncontrolled pre-conceptional blood sugar significantly increased RR [RR 2.2 (95%CI: 1.7-2.9); P < 0.001], and odds of FAs [OR 17.05 (95%CI: 2.2-134.9); P = 0.007] in women with GDM. In addition, the HbA1c ≥6.5 significantly increased RR [RR 2.8 (95% CI: 2.1-3.8); P < 0.001], and odds of FAs [OR 24.8 (95% CI: 3.1-196.7); P = 0.002] in women with GDM.
conclusionIn this study, the prevalence of FAs in women with GDM was 8.6%. Uncontrolled pre-conceptional blood sugar and HbA1c ≥6.5 in the first trimester significantly increased the relative risk and the odds of FAs.
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