Trial reportBMC biology2023
Targeting the gut-lung axis by synbiotic feeding to infants in a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in BMC biology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01625273 (Supplementation of Infant Formula With the Synbiotics), which is not on this map. Cited by 17 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Supplementation of Infant Formula With the Synbiotics (Lactobacillus Paracasei Ssp. Paracasei Strain F19 and Fructo- and Galactooligosaccharides).
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early-Life Gut Microbiota and the Pediatric Gut-Lung Axis: A Systematic Review of Clinical, Preclinical, and Mechanistic Evidence.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- The role of breastfeeding in modulating antimicrobial resistance in neonates: a systematic review.Pediatric research · 2026Pooled it
- Strain-Specific Effects of Early-Life Probiotic Supplementation on Respiratory Infections in Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- NEC-Associated Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and the Gut-Lung Axis in Preterm Infants.American journal of perinatology · 2026Review
- The gut-lung axis in early life: microbiome-associated mechanisms and clinical relevance.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
- Can Bifidobacterium infantis M-63 reshape the weaning gut?Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Microecological Interventions against Antibiotic-Induced Dysbiosis and Related Resistome Expansion.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Development and internal validation of a clinical nomogram for predicting bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Article
- Effect of probiotics and synbiotics on antimicrobial resistance in frequent infections: a systematic review of clinical trials.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- Admission screening for extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales colonization at a referral hospital in Botswana: A one-year period-prevalence survey, 2022-2023.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- EnterotoxigenicTransboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Article
- The early-life gut microbiome in common pediatric diseases: roles and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Microbiome profiling reveals gut bacterial species associated with rapid lung function decline in people with HIV.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The gut-lung axis in severe pneumonia-related lung injury: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Whole-Genome Deep Sequencing of the Healthy Adult Nasal Microbiome.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Inactivation ofFood science and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Maternal-Foetal/Infant Interactions-Gut Microbiota and Immune Health.Biomedicines · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFormula-fed infants are at increased risk of infections. Due to the cross-talk between the mucosal systems of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, adding synbiotics (prebiotics and probiotics) to infant formula may prevent infections even at distant sites. Infants that were born full term and weaned from breast milk were randomized to prebiotic formula (fructo- and galactooligosaccharides) or the same prebiotic formula with Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei F19 (synbiotics) from 1 to 6 months of age. The objective was to examine the synbiotic effects on gut microbiota development.
resultsFecal samples collected at ages 1, 4, 6, and 12 months were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and a combination of untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. These analyses revealed that the synbiotic group had a lower abundance of Klebsiella, a higher abundance of Bifidobacterium breve compared to the prebiotic group, and increases in the anti-microbial metabolite d-3-phenyllactic acid. We also analyzed the fecal metagenome and antibiotic resistome in the 11 infants that had been diagnosed with lower respiratory tract infection (cases) and 11 matched controls using deep metagenomic sequencing. Cases with lower respiratory tract infection had a higher abundance of Klebsiella species and antimicrobial resistance genes related to Klebsiella pneumoniae, compared to controls. The results obtained using 16S rRNA gene amplicon and metagenomic sequencing were confirmed in silico by successful recovery of the metagenome-assembled genomes of the bacteria of interest.
conclusionsThis study demonstrates the additional benefit of feeding specific synbiotics to formula-fed infants over prebiotics only. Synbiotic feeding led to the underrepresentation of Klebsiella, enrichment of bifidobacteria, and increases in microbial degradation metabolites implicated in immune signaling and in the gut-lung and gut-skin axes. Our findings support future clinical evaluation of synbiotic formula in the prevention of infections and associated antibiotic treatment as a primary outcome when breastfeeding is not feasible.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01625273 . Retrospectively registered on 21 June 2012.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.