ArticleBiological psychiatry2023
Hierarchical Inflammatory Phenotypes of Depression: A Novel Approach Across Five Independent Samples and 27,730 Adults.
Article in Biological psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of associations between emotion regulation characteristics and inflammation.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2023Pooled it
- How changes in pubertal status and chronological age shape individual depressive symptoms by sex: testing a pathoplasty model.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Article
- Hierarchical Phenotyping of Psychopathology: Implications and Opportunities for Precision Psychiatry When Biology Could Be Associated With Both Symptoms and Syndromes.Biological psychiatry · 2026Review
- The kynurenine pathway in depression and schizophrenia: convergent signals, divergent states, and clinical signatures.EXCLI journal · 2026Review
- C-reactive protein is associated with pain-type somatic symptoms independent of mental health symptoms in adolescents: Evidence from the ALSPAC study.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Genetic risk predicts adolescent mood pathology via sexual differentiation of brain function and physiological aging.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Personality and presentation of depression symptoms: A preliminary examination of the pathoplasticity model.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2025Article
- Dynamic human gut microbiome and immune shifts during an immersive psychosocial intervention program.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Observational
- On the pursuit of reproducibility: the importance of large sample sizes in psychoimmunology.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Value-based cognitive control moderates the relation of inflammation with depression in adolescents.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2025Article
- Associations between biomarkers of inflammation and depressive symptoms-potential differences between diabetes types and symptom clusters of depression.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Nonlinear and symptom specific associations between chronotype and depression.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Association between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and specific depressive symptoms: an analysis of a population-based cross-sectional survey.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Dynamic Human Gut Microbiome and Immune Shifts During an Immersive Psychosocial Therapeutic Program.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Chronic inflammation is associated with worsening working memory performance: Preliminary evidence from a diverse, longitudinal cohort of adolescents and young adults.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2024Article
- Characterizing the hierarchical depression phenotype in sexually diverse individuals.Journal of psychiatric research · 2024Article
- How is inflammation biology truly associated with depression in patients with stable coronary heart disease?: Insights from the heart and Soul study.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- Neuroinflammation in the Amygdala Is Associated With Recent Depressive Symptoms.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2023Article
- The future is dynamic: A call for intensive longitudinal data in immunopsychiatry.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2023Article
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4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
backgroundAlthough characterizing associations between inflammation and depression may prove critical for informing theory, research, and treatment decisions, extant research has been limited by ignoring the possibility that inflammation may be simultaneously associated with depression broadly and with a subset of symptoms. This lack of direct comparison has hampered attempts to understand inflammatory phenotypes of depression and critically fails to consider that inflammation might be uniquely associated with both depression broadly and individual symptoms.
methodsWe used moderated nonlinear factor analysis in 5 NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) cohorts (N = 27,730, 51% female, mean age = 46 years).
resultsC-reactive protein (CRP) is simultaneously associated with latent depression, appetite, and fatigue. Specifically, CRP was associated with latent depression in all 5 samples (rs: 0.044-0.089; ps: < .001-.002) and was associated with both appetite (significant rs: 0.031-0.049, significant ps: .001-.007) and fatigue (significant rs: 0.030-0.054, significant ps: < .001-.029) in 4 samples. These results were largely robust to covariates.
conclusionsMethodologically, these models indicate that the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 is scalar noninvariant as a function of CRP (i.e., identical Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scores may represent different constructs in those with high vs. low CRP levels). Therefore, mean comparisons of depression total scores and CRP might be misleading without accounting for symptom-specific associations. Conceptually, these findings indicate that studies investigating inflammatory phenotypes of depression should examine how inflammation is simultaneously related both to depression broadly and to specific symptoms, and whether these relations function via different mechanisms. This has the potential to yield new theoretical insights and may lead to the development of novel therapies for reducing inflammation-related symptoms of depression.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.