ArticleInternational journal of pharmaceutics: X2023
Protein photodegradation in the visible range? Insights into protein photooxidation with respect to protein concentration.
Article in International journal of pharmaceutics: X, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mechanistic insight into the oxidative degradation of monoclonal antibodies: relevance to developability and the design of stable pharmaceutical formulations.Biochemical Society transactions · 2026Review
- Physicochemical Differences Observed in Photostability Studies of Lyophilized, Reconstituted, and Diluted Somatropin.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Article
- Protein and Peptide Therapeutics: Stability Challenges, Regulatory Demands, and Innovative Formulation Solutions for Enhanced Clinical Effectiveness.Protein and peptide letters · 2025Review
- Review
- Assessing Photostability of mAb Formulations In Situ Using Light-Coupled NMR Spectroscopy.Analytical chemistry · 2024Article
- Oxidation of polysorbates - An underestimated degradation pathway?International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2023Review
- Comparative Stability Study of Polysorbate 20 and Polysorbate 80 Related to Oxidative Degradation.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Visible light (400-800 nm) can lead to photooxidation of protein formulations, which might impair protein integrity. However, the relevant mechanism of photooxidation upon visible light exposure is still unclear for therapeutic proteins, since proteinogenic structures do not absorb light in the visible range. Here, we show that exposure of monoclonal antibody formulations to visible light, lead to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which subsequently induce specific protein degradations. The formation of ROS and singlet oxygen upon visible light exposure is investigated using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. We describe the initial formation of ROS, most likely after direct reaction of molecular oxygen with a triplet state photosensitizer, generated from intersystem crossing of the excited singlet state. Since these radicals affect the oxygen content in the headspace of the vial, we monitored photooxidation of these mAb formulations. With increasing protein concentrations, we found (i) a decreasing headspace oxygen content in the sample, (ii) a higher relative number of radicals in solution and (iii) a higher protein degradation. Thus, the protein concentration dependence indicates the presence of higher concentration of a currently unknown photosensitizer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.