ArticleEuropean journal of nutrition2023
Meal timing variability of rotating shift workers throughout a complete shift cycle and its effect on daily energy and macronutrient intake: a field study.
Article in European journal of nutrition, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- The swift study: dietary profiles of night shift workers characterised by overweight and obesity.European journal of nutrition · 2026Trial
- Understanding Chrononutrition for Managing Shift Workers' Health: A Narrative Review and Future Directions.The Medical journal of Australia · 2026Review
- Characterising the impact of shift work on diet and glucose variability in healthcare employees living with type 2 diabetes: The Shift-Diabetes study.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2026Article
- Early meal timing attenuates high polygenic risk of obesity.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2025Article
- Advancing Chrononutrition for Cardiometabolic Health: A 2023 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Workshop Report.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Review
- Eating Around the Clock: Circadian Rhythms of Eating and Metabolism.Annual review of nutrition · 2024Review
- Review
- Impact of Nighttime Food Consumption and Feasibility of Fasting during Night Work: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo evaluate the meal timing variability of rotating shift workers throughout a complete shift schedule and its effect on daily energy and macronutrient intake.
methodsThirty male shift-workers from a mining company were evaluated in a complete rotation shift cycle over 240 consecutive hours (10 days; two days of morning shifts, two days of evening shifts, 24 h free, two days of night shifts and three days off). Food intake related variables [meal timing, energy (kcal) and macronutrient intake (%)] were assessed by 24 h recall by a trained nutritionist. Mixed models were used to analyze the variation in meal timing and energy and macronutrient intake throughout the shift cycle, as well as the interaction between shift and time ranges (00:00-03:59, 04:00-07:59, 08:00-11:59, 12:00-15:59, 16:00-19:59, 20:00-23:59).
resultsThe first meal of the day was earlier on night shifts [D6 (3:44 ± 0:33) and D7 (5:52 ± 0:42)] compared to the other shifts (p < 0.001), except for D4 (evening shift; 5:51 ± 0:47) versus D7 (p = 0.999). Night shifts also showed a shorter night fasting (D5-D6, 9.3 h; D6-D7, 9.6 h) than most other nights (p < 0.05), except for the fasting between D1-D2 (11.3 h) and D3-D4 (11.2 h) (p > 0.05). There was no difference in 24 h energy intake throughout the shift cycle (p = 0.065). The analysis of interaction between shift and time ranges showed that night shift (D6) presented a higher intake of energy (441.5 ± 48.4 kcal), percentage of energy (D6: 17.8 ± 1.8%), fat (17.6 ± 2.0%), carbohydrate (17.0 ± 1.7%) and protein (16.4 ± 1.8%) between 00:00 and 03:59 compared with the other shift days (p < 0.05).
conclusionNight shifts seem to contribute to a longer eating window than other shifts. Moreover, there is a higher energy and macronutrients intake during night shifts, which reduces the night fast period and could have implications for metabolic dysregulation.
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