ArticleMucosal immunology2023
Rhinovirus C causes heterogeneous infection and gene expression in airway epithelial cell subsets.
Article in Mucosal immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pediatric and adult primary human airway epithelia exhibit similar rhinovirus C replication, innate responses, and expression of protein receptor.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Unique nasal cell states induced by common pediatric respiratory viruses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The rhinovirus puzzle: Linking virus and host factors to childhood asthma.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2026Review
- [Research progress on epithelial mucosal barrier impairment contributing to chronic rhinosinusitis].Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery · 2026Review
- Development of an acute lung injury model for drug testing.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Unveiling the prevalence and impact of silent rhinovirus infection in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2025Article
- Rhinovirus infection of airway epithelial cells uncovers the non-ciliated subset as a likely driver of genetic risk to childhood-onset asthma.Cell genomics · 2024Article
- Human Stimulator of Interferon Genes Promotes Rhinovirus C Replication in Mouse Cells In Vitro and In Vivo.Viruses · 2024Article
- Farm animal exposure, respiratory illnesses, and nasal cell gene expression.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2024Article
- Diverging patterns in innate immunity against respiratory viruses during a lifetime: lessons from the young and the old.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2024Review
- High frequencies of nonviral colds and respiratory bacteria colonization among children in rural Western Uganda.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Rhinoviruses infect ciliated airway epithelial cells, and rhinoviruses' nonstructural proteins quickly inhibit and divert cellular processes for viral replication. However, the epithelium can mount a robust innate antiviral immune response. Therefore, we hypothesized that uninfected cells contribute significantly to the antiviral immune response in the airway epithelium. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we demonstrate that both infected and uninfected cells upregulate antiviral genes (e.g. MX1, IFIT2, IFIH1, and OAS3) with nearly identical kinetics, whereas uninfected non-ciliated cells are the primary source of proinflammatory chemokines. Furthermore, we identified a subset of highly infectable ciliated epithelial cells with minimal interferon responses and determined that interferon responses originate from distinct subsets of ciliated cells with moderate viral replication. These findings suggest that the composition of ciliated airway epithelial cells and coordinated responses of infected and uninfected cells could determine the risk of more severe viral respiratory illnesses in children with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and genetically susceptible individuals.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.