ArticleAdvances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)2023
A Scoping Review of Iodine and Fluoride in Pregnancy in Relation to Maternal Thyroid Function and Offspring Neurodevelopment.
Article in Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between maternal thyroid function and adverse outcomes of pregnant women and offspring: evidence from an umbrella review.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Pooled it
- Protective versus risky: the complex relationship between prenatal fluoride exposure and birth outcomes in a Chinese large-scale population study.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2026Article
- Updated consumer risk assessment of fluoride in food and drinking water including the contribution from other sources of oral exposure.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2025Article
- Risks to human and animal health from the presence of bromide in food and feed.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2025Article
- Prenatal iodine intake and infant temperament in a multiethnic US cohort.Public health nutrition · 2024Article
- Association of fluoride exposure with disease burden and neurodevelopment outcomes in children in South Korea.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2024Article
- Article
- Water Fluoridation and Birth Outcomes in California.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Iodine (I), an essential nutrient, is important for thyroid function and therefore growth and development. Fluoride (F), also an essential nutrient, strengthens bones and teeth, and prevents childhood dental caries. Both severe and mild-to-moderate I deficiency and high F exposure during development are associated to decreased intelligence quotient with recent reports associating high levels of F exposure during pregnancy and infancy to low intelligence quotient. Both F and I are halogens, and it has been suggested that F may interfere with the role of I in thyroid function. We provide a scoping review of the literature on I and F exposure dur pregnancy and their individual effects on thyroid function and offspring neurodevelopment. We first discuss I intake and status in pregnancy and the relationship to thyroid function and offspring neurodevelopment. We follow with the F in pregnancy and offspring neurodevelopment. We then review the interaction between I and F on thyroid function. We searched for, and found only one study that assessed both I and F in pregnancy. We conclude more studies are needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.