Observational studyAtencion primaria2023
[Study of correlation between different scales that measure smoking dependence].
Observational study in Atencion primaria, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Nurse-led smoking cessation with cytisinicline in primary care: An intervention study.International journal of nursing studies advances · 2026Article
- Depression, Functional Dependence, and Oral Health: Evidence from a Clinical Study of Older Spanish Adults.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo analyze the correlation between the degrees of smoking dependence, measured with the Fagerström Test Nicotine Dependence (FTND), Glover-Nilsson Smoking Behavioral Dependence (GN-SBQ) and a measure of self-perceived-dependence (SPD).
designCross-sectional descriptive observational study. SITE: Urban primary health-care center.
participantsMen and women between 18 and 65 years old, daily smokers, selected by non-random consecutive sampling.
interventionsSelf-administration of various questionnaires though an electronic device. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Age, sex and nicotine dependence assessed by: FTND, GN-SBQ and SPD. Statistical analysis, with SPSS 15.0: descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis and conformity analysis.
resultsTwo hundred fourteen smokers were included, 54.7% were women. Median age 52 years (range: 27-65). Depending on the test used, different results of the high/very high degree of dependence were found: FTND 17.3%, GN-SBQ 15.4% and SPD 69.6%. A moderate magnitude (r≈0.5) correlation between the 3 test was found. When assessing concordance, comparing the FTND with SPD, 70.6% of smokers didn't coincide in the severity of dependence, reporting a milder degree of dependence with the FTND than with SPD. Comparing GN-SBQ versus FTND, showed conformity in 44.4% of patients while in 40.7%, the FTND underestimated the severity of dependence. Likewise, when comparing SPD with the GN-SBQ, in the 64% GN-SBQ underestimates, while in 34.1% smokers conformity was demonstrated.
conclusionsThe number of patients who consider their SPD to be high/very high was four times higher compared to the GN-SBQ or the FNTD; the latter, being the most demanding, categorizing patients with very high dependence. Requiring a FTND score greater than 7 to prescribe drugs for smoking cessation may exclude subsidiary patients from receiving treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.