ArticlePloS one2023
A comparison of myopia control in European children and adolescents with defocus incorporated multiple segments (DIMS) spectacles, atropine, and combined DIMS/atropine.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of orthokeratology in controlling myopia in adolescents aged 6-18 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International ophthalmology · 2026Pooled it
- Repeated low-level red-light therapy vs. conventional treatments for myopic control in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy of spectacle lenses specifically designed for myopia control: systematic review and meta-analysis.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of atropine on changes in choroidal thickness in children with myopia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review with meta-analysis on the efficacy of 0.01% atropine eyedrops in preventing myopia progression in worldwide children's populations.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Myopia management algorithm. Annexe to the article titled Update and guidance on management of myopia. European Society of Ophthalmology in cooperation with International Myopia Institute.European journal of ophthalmology · 2024Guideline
- Guidelines for preventing and slowing myopia progression in Brazilian children.Arquivos brasileiros de oftalmologia · 2024Guideline
- Comparison of the efficacy and safety of different doses of atropine for myopic control in children: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- New design peripheral defocus spectacle lens vs. single-vision for slowing myopia progression in children: randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments (DIMS) spectacle lenses versus 0.01% atropine for myopia control: a randomised trial in children from Central Europe.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2025Trial
- Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments (DIMS) spectacle lenses in UK children: Outcomes from a 2-year multi-site interventional trial.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2025Trial
- Atropine and Spectacle lens Combination Treatment (ASPECT): 12-month results of a randomised controlled trial for myopia control using a combination of Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments (DIMS) lenses and 0.025% atropine.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2025Trial
- Italian consensus on pediatric myopia: findings from a three-round modified delphi study.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Low-Concentration Atropine for Myopia Management: Recent Evidence and Clinical Implications.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Review
- Adjunctive 0.05% Atropine for Children with Continued Rapid Myopia Progression During Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments Spectacle Lens Treatment: A Retrospective Matched Cohort Study.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Article
- [Topical atropine for myopia prevention : Current study situation].Die Ophthalmologie · 2026Review
- The conceptual evolution of myopia management: from refractive correction to axial-length-based risk modulation.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- The Long-Term Patient Journey with DIMS Spectacle Lenses: A Mixed-Methods Study of Satisfaction, Adherence and Socioeconomic Barriers.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Article
- Long-Term Outcomes and Predictors of Stepwise Atropine Concentration Adjustment in Paediatric Myopia Management.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Article
- Reduced myopia progression with low-dose atropine in DIMS non-responders and evidence of altered pupillary light reflex kinetics.Scientific reports · 2026Article
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo evaluate the efficacy of a myopia control spectacle lens (DIMS) at slowing the progression of myopia in a population of European children in comparison with 0.01% atropine and combined DIMS and atropine.
methodsThe study was a non-randomised experimenter-masked prospective controlled observational study of individuals aged 6-18 years with progressing myopia but no ocular pathology. Participants were allocated, according to patient/parent choice, to receive 0.01% atropine eyedrops, DIMS (Hoya® MiyoSmart®) spectacles, combined atropine+DIMS or single vision spectacle lenses (control group). The key outcome variables, cycloplegic autorefraction spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and axial length (AL), were measured at baseline and after three, six, and 12 months.
resultsOf the 146 participants (mean age 10.3y ±3.2), 53 received atropine, 30 DIMS spectacles, 31 atropine+DIMS, and 32 single vision control spectacles. Generalized linear mixed model analysis revealed for SER, whilst controlling for age and SER at baseline, at each stage all treatment groups had significantly reduced progression compared with the control group (p<0.016). For AL, whilst controlling for baseline age and AL, at 6 and 12 months all treatment groups had significantly less progression than the control group (p<0.005). For SER only, in pairwise comparisons at 12 months the atropine+DIMS group had significantly reduced progression compared with the DIMS only and Atropine only groups (p<0.001).
conclusionIn a European population, DIMS and atropine are effective at reducing myopia progression and axial elongation in progressing myopia and are most successful at reducing myopia progression when used in combination.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.