ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2023
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Post-acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in New York: an EHR-Based Cohort Study from the RECOVER Program.
Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07278206 (Mitigating Cognitive Problems and Fatigue With Brain Stimulation in Long COVID), which is not on this map. Cited by 91 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Mitigating Cognitive Problems and Fatigue With Brain Stimulation in Long COVID
Who cites it
91 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 139 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of race, ethnicity, and pediatric long COVID and MIS-C: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Understanding how social determinants of health shape Long COVID outcomes: a rapid review of evidence.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Pooled it
- New onset of type 1 and type 2 diabetes post-COVID-19 infection: a systematic review.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Pooled it
- Longitudinal Patient-Reported Outcome Trajectories in Long COVID: Findings From the STOP-PASC Clinical Trial.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- Long COVID Optimal Health Programme to Enhance Mental and Physical Health: A Feasibility Randomised Controlled Trial.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025Trial
- Health-Related Quality of Life of Adults With Long COVID: A Cross-Sectional Study in Primary Care.Journal of clinical nursing · 2026Article
- Symptoms, Functional Impact and Perceived Healthcare Barriers Experienced by Racialized Communities Living with Long COVID in Canada: A Mixed-methods Study.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Racial Disparities and Social Determinants of Long COVID in the United States: Evidence from the 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Observational
- Long COVID and Subjective Wellbeing among U.S. Working-Age Adults.Research square · 2026Article
- Exploring Long COVID diagnostic equity by sex, race and ethnicity, and insurance type.Preventive medicine reports · 2026Article
- Racial Disparities in Long COVID: Why Black Americans are Likely Underrepresented in Long COVID Estimates.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Review
- Ethnic differences in Long COVID diagnosed in primary care in England (2020-2022): an observational cohort study using OpenSAFELY.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- Beyond broad categories: understanding ethnic differences in long COVID.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- Considerations of race and ethnicity within rehabilitation studies for post COVID-19 condition: A scoping review.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Estimating the risk of post-COVID condition in deprived communities, migrants and ethnic minorities in England: findings from Virus Watch-a prospective community cohort study.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2026Article
- Article
- Cognitive Trajectories After Hospitalization for COVID-19: A 36-Month Longitudinal Study.The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2026Article
- Integrative multi-omics framework for causal gene discovery in Long COVID.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Leveraging Multiple Administrative Data Sources to Reduce Missing Race and Ethnicity Data: A Descriptive Epidemiology Cross-Sectional Study of COVID-19 Case Relative Rates.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCompared to white individuals, Black and Hispanic individuals have higher rates of COVID-19 hospitalization and death. Less is known about racial/ethnic differences in post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC).
objectiveExamine racial/ethnic differences in potential PASC symptoms and conditions among hospitalized and non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
designRetrospective cohort study using data from electronic health records.
participants62,339 patients with COVID-19 and 247,881 patients without COVID-19 in New York City between March 2020 and October 2021. MAIN MEASURES: New symptoms and conditions 31-180 days after COVID-19 diagnosis. KEY
resultsThe final study population included 29,331 white patients (47.1%), 12,638 Black patients (20.3%), and 20,370 Hispanic patients (32.7%) diagnosed with COVID-19. After adjusting for confounders, significant racial/ethnic differences in incident symptoms and conditions existed among both hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients. For example, 31-180 days after a positive SARS-CoV-2 test, hospitalized Black patients had higher odds of being diagnosed with diabetes (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.50-2.56, q<0.001) and headaches (OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.11-2.08, q=0.02), compared to hospitalized white patients. Hospitalized Hispanic patients had higher odds of headaches (OR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.21-2.17, q=0.003) and dyspnea (OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.05-1.42, q=0.02), compared to hospitalized white patients. Among non-hospitalized patients, Black patients had higher odds of being diagnosed with pulmonary embolism (OR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.20-2.36, q=0.009) and diabetes (OR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.75-2.58, q<0.001), but lower odds of encephalopathy (OR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.45-0.75, q<0.001), compared to white patients. Hispanic patients had higher odds of being diagnosed with headaches (OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.24-1.60, q<0.001) and chest pain (OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.35-1.67, q < 0.001), but lower odds of encephalopathy (OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.51-0.80, q<0.001).
conclusionsCompared to white patients, patients from racial/ethnic minority groups had significantly different odds of developing potential PASC symptoms and conditions. Future research should examine the reasons for these differences.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.