ArticleJournal of the National Cancer Institute2023
Historical redlining and breast cancer treatment and survival among older women in the United States.
Article in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Structural racism as a leading cause of racial disparities in breast cancer quality of care outcomes: a systematic review.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review of historic neighborhood redlining and contemporary health outcomes.Public health · 2025Pooled it
- Disparities in Cardiovascular Disease-Related Outcomes Among Cancer Survivors in the United States: A Systematic Review of the Literature.Heart, lung & circulation · 2024Pooled it
- After the Maps: Assessing Longitudinal Neighborhood Change After Historical Redlining with Present-Day Breast Cancer Survival.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- Breast cancer mortality by age and race and/or ethnicity across counties in the United States, 2000-2019.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2026Article
- Examining the Role of the Social Vulnerability Index in the Association between Race/Ethnicity and Breast Cancer Outcomes.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026Article
- Mediating Pathways Between Neighborhood Structural Investment and Cardiometabolic Health Across U.S. Cities.American journal of preventive medicine · 2026Article
- Historical redlining, breast cancer survival, and the mediating and modifying role of contemporary neighborhood socioeconomic conditions.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Connecting Past to Present: Does Historical Redlining Affect Current Life Expectancy?Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- The association of contemporary mortgage lending bias and receipt of guideline-concordant systemic treatment among older women with breast cancer.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2025Article
- Greenspace and Survival Among Older Women With Breast Cancer: Regional Variations Within the U.S. SEER-Medicare-Linked Database.JACC. Advances · 2025Article
- A Society-to-Cells approach to evaluating multilevel and interrelated drivers of breast cancer disparities in Black women.NPJ breast cancer · 2025Review
- Rapid Access to Emergency Medical Services Within Historically Redlined Areas.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Historical redlining and mortality in children, adolescents, and young adults with cancer in California, 2000-2019.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2025Article
- Historical Redlining and Cardio-Kidney-Metabolic Disease Risk Factors, Prevalence, and Outcomes: A Scoping Review.JACC. Advances · 2025Article
- Effects of urban greenspace on time to major adverse cardiovascular events among women with breast cancer in the US: Insights from the Greater Milwaukee, WI Area.Health & place · 2025Article
- Historical redlining and clustering of present-day breast cancer factors.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2025Article
- Contemporary neighborhood redlining and racial mortgage lending bias and disparities in prostate cancer survival.Cancer · 2025Article
- Persistent Effect of Redlining on Survival from Screenable Cancers in Washington State, 2000-2018.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2025Article
- Characterizing the Impact of Race and Contemporary Redlining on Receipt of Guideline-Concordant Locoregional Therapy Among Older Women With Breast Cancer.Advances in radiation oncology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBreast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among US women, and institutional racism is a critical cause of health disparities. We investigated impacts of historical redlining on BC treatment receipt and survival in the United States.
methodsHome Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) boundaries were used to measure historical redlining. Eligible women in the 2010-2017 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare BC cohort were assigned a HOLC grade. The independent variable was a dichotomized HOLC grade: A and B (nonredlined) and C and D (redlined). Outcomes of receipt of various cancer treatments, all-cause mortality (ACM), and BC-specific mortality (BCSM) were analyzed using logistic or Cox models. Indirect effects by comorbidity were examined.
resultsAmong 18 119 women, 65.7% resided in historically redlined areas (HRAs), and 32.6% were deceased at a median follow-up of 58 months. A larger proportion of deceased women resided in HRAs (34.5% vs 30.0%). Of all deceased women, 41.6% died of BC; a larger proportion resided in HRAs (43.4% vs 37.8%). Historical redlining is a statistically significant predictor of poorer survival after BC diagnosis (hazard ratio = 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03 to 1.15 for ACM, and hazard ratio = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.13 to 1.41 for BCSM). Indirect effects via comorbidity were identified. Historical redlining was associated with a lower likelihood of receiving surgery (odds ratio = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.66 to 0.83, and a higher likelihood of receiving palliative care odds ratio = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.91).
conclusionHistorical redlining is associated with differential treatment receipt and poorer survival for ACM and BCSM. Relevant stakeholders should consider historical contexts when designing and implementing equity-focused interventions to reduce BC disparities. Clinicians should advocate for healthier neighborhoods while providing care.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.