Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36794645›Full record

ArticleGenetics2023

Parallel expansion and divergence of an adhesin family in pathogenic yeasts.

Rachel A Smoak, Lindsey F Snyder, Jan S Fassler, Bin Z He

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genetics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
2.9field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. The role ofmBio · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Insights on molecular drivers of phenotypic plasticity in Candidozyma auris.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026
    Review
  5. Diabetes and Immunosuppression Drive Distinct Patterns ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2026
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. AScience (New York, N.Y.) · 2023
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Rachel A SmoakCivil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Lindsey F SnyderInterdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Jan S FasslerInterdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Bin Z HeInterdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
University of Iowa · US

Funding

PREDOCTORAL TRAINING PROGRAM IN GENETICST32GM008629 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF IOWA · PI EBERL, DANIEL F · 1997 to 2021
$4.1M
Evolution of Stress Response Gene Regulatory Network in a Commensal and Opportunistic Yeast PathogenR35GM137831 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF IOWA · PI HE, BIN Z · 2020 to 2024
$1.9M
NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM137831NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM008629NIH HHS NIH R35GM137831NIH HHS T32GM008629
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Opportunistic yeast pathogens arose multiple times in the Saccharomycetes class, including the recently emerged, multidrug-resistant (MDR) Candida auris. We show that homologs of a known yeast adhesin family in Candida albicans, the Hyr/Iff-like (Hil) family, are enriched in distinct clades of Candida species as a result of multiple, independent expansions. Following gene duplication, the tandem repeat-rich region in these proteins diverged extremely rapidly and generated large variations in length and β-aggregation potential, both of which are known to directly affect adhesion. The conserved N-terminal effector domain was predicted to adopt a β-helical fold followed by an α-crystallin domain, making it structurally similar to a group of unrelated bacterial adhesins. Evolutionary analyses of the effector domain in C. auris revealed relaxed selective constraint combined with signatures of positive selection, suggesting functional diversification after gene duplication. Lastly, we found the Hil family genes to be enriched at chromosomal ends, which likely contributed to their expansion via ectopic recombination and break-induced replication. Combined, these results suggest that the expansion and diversification of adhesin families generate variation in adhesion and virulence within and between species and are a key step toward the emergence of fungal pathogens.

Indexed as

Fungal ProteinsYeastsAdhesins, BacterialCandidaCandida albicansHumansAdhesins, BacterialFungal ProteinsadhesinCandida aurisconvergent evolutiongene duplicationnatural selectionopportunistic yeast pathogen

Identifiers

PMID36794645
PMCPMC10319987
OpenAlexW4321004081

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.