Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36794523›Full record

ArticleBJPsych open2023

Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder and validity of the Impact of Events Scale - Revised in primary care in Zimbabwe, a non-war-affected African country.

Melanie A Abas, Monika Müller, Lorna J Gibson, Sarah Derveeuw, Nirosha Dissanayake, Patrick Smith, Ruth Verhey, Andrea Danese, Dixon Chibanda

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BJPsych open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
1.9field-weighted citation impact, top 16% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 6 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Melanie A AbasCentre for Global Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
Monika MüllerCentre for Global Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; and Clinic for Adult Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Bern, Switzerland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7792-8227
Lorna J GibsonCentre for Global Mental Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK.
Sarah DerveeuwCentre for Global Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
Nirosha DissanayakeCentre for Global Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
Patrick SmithDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
Ruth VerheyFriendship Bench, Harare, Zimbabwe.
Andrea DaneseDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; and National and Specialist CAMHS Clinic for Trauma, Anxiety, and Depression, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8718-5412
Dixon ChibandaCentre for Global Mental Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; Friendship Bench, Harare, Zimbabwe; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe.
King's College London · GBLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine · GBUniversity of Zimbabwe · ZW

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundA critical step in research on the epidemiology of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in low-resource settings is the validation of brief self-reported psychometric tools available in the public domain, such as the Impact Event Scale - Revised (IES-R).

aimsWe aimed to investigate the validity of the IES-R in a primary healthcare setting in Harare, Zimbabwe.

methodWe analysed data from a survey of 264 consecutively sampled adults (mean age 38 years; 78% female). We estimated the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and sensitivity, specificity and likelihood ratios for different cut-off points of the IES-R, against a diagnosis of PTSD made using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. We performed factor analysis to evaluate construct validity of the IES-R.

resultsThe prevalence of PTSD was 23.9% (95% CI 18.9-29.5). The area under the curve for the IES-R was 0.90. At a cut-off of ≥47, the sensitivity of the IES-R to detect PTSD was 84.1 (95% CI 72.7-92.1) and specificity was 81.1 (95% CI 75.0-86.3). Positive and negative likelihood ratios were 4.45 and 0.20, respectively. Factor analysis revealed a two-factor solution, with both factors showing good internal consistency (Cronbach's factor-1

conclusionsThe IES-R and IES-6 had good psychometric properties and performed well for indicating possible PTSD, but at higher cut-off points than those recommended in the Global North.

Indexed as

Global mental healthlow- and middle-income countriespost-traumatic stress disorderpsychological testingrating scales

Identifiers

PMID36794523
PMCPMC9970167
OpenAlexW4321003200

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.