ReviewDeutsches Arzteblatt international2023
Fertility, Contraception, and Fertility Preservation in Trans Individuals.
Review in Deutsches Arzteblatt international, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.
- Healthcare provision for transgender people in Germany from a gynecological perspective-a pilot study.Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) · 2026Article
- Contraceptive care for transgender and gender diverse individuals from the perspective of healthcare providers in Germany: a qualitative study.Reproductive health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAn increasing number of persons around the world are receiving the diagnosis of gender incongruence, and most of them are in their reproductive years. Safe contraception and fertility preservation are important issues for counseling.
methodsThis review is based on pertinent publications retrieved by a systematic search in the PubMed and Web of Science databases, employing the search terms "fertility," "contraception," "transgender," "gender-affirming hormone therapy" (GAHT), "ovarian reserve," and "testicular tissue." 908 studies were included, 26 of which entered the final analysis.
resultsMost of the available studies on fertility in trans persons undergoing GAHT reveal a marked effect on spermatogenesis, but no impairment of ovarian reserve. No studies are available on trans women; the data show that 59-87% of trans men use contraceptives, often mainly in order to suppress menstrual bleeding. Fertility preservation measures are mainly used by trans women.
conclusionGAHT mainly impairs spermatogenesis; thus, counseling on fertility preservation should always be given before GAHT. More than 80% of trans men use contraceptives, mainly for their other effects such as suppression of menstrual bleeding. GAHT is not in itself a reliable method of contraception, and persons about to undergo GAHT should always receive contraceptive counseling.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.