ArticleFrontiers in public health2023
A cross-sectional study of smoking and depression among US adults: NHANES (2005-2018).
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 103 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lifestyle behaviours do not moderate the association between childhood maltreatment and comorbid depression and cardiometabolic disease in older adults: a meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Sex differences in the relationship between quit attempt and smoking cessation self-efficacy in adults with depressive symptoms.Addictive behaviors · 2025Trial
- Leveraging Machine Learning to Uncover Ethnic-Specific Predictors of Maternal Postpartum Depression.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2026Article
- Depression and Anxiety Symptoms Among Combustible Cigarette Smokers, Heated Tobacco Users, and Non-Smokers: A Cross-Sectional Study in Lithuania.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- The association between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and depression symptom severity among U.S. adults: A multivariable analysis of NHANES data.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Article
- Reductions to health-related quality of life associated with cigarette use, e-cigarette use, and depression among US adults.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Anti-inflammatory diet and mental health outcomes in an aging population: evidence from a preventive population-based target trial emulation.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Smoking and depressive symptoms: the mediating role of systemic inflammation in a US nationally representative sample.Annals of general psychiatry · 2026Article
- Smoking and Multidimensional Well-Being: Gender and Cohort Differences in China.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- COVID-19 and risk of first-time major depressive disorder in patients without history of psychiatric disorders.BMC psychiatry · 2026Observational
- Daytime Sleepiness and Dispositional Optimism Are Related to Awake Bruxism Among Patients With Painful Temporomandibular Disorders.Journal of oral rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Association of healthy lifestyle, depression with all-cause or cardiovascular mortality modified by metabolic syndrome among individuals: evidence from US NHANES and UK biobank cohort studies.Nutrition & metabolism · 2026Article
- Symptom Severity Profiles and their Associated Factors in Minoritized Men with Chronic Conditions.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Association between duration of smoking cessation and depressive symptoms among community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2026Article
- Comparative machine learning analysis of saliva and plaque microbiomes in Kuwaitis with type 1 diabetes.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Depression and associated factors in Brazilian women according to Vigitel, 2023.Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) · 2026Article
- Smoking-driven systemic inflammation elevates mortality risk in hypertensive patients: A cross-sectional study using insights from NHANES 1999-2018.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Population-Based Case-Control Study of Antidepressants in Early and Average-Age Onset Colorectal Cancer: The Impact of Exposure Window, Class, Dose, and Intensity.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2026Article
- Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The relationship between smoking and depression remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the association between smoking and depression from three aspects: smoking status, smoking volume, and smoking cessation. Methods: Data from adults aged ≥20 who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2005 and 2018 were collected. The study gathered information about the participants' smoking status (never smokers, previous smokers, occasional smokers, daily smokers), smoking quantity per day, and smoking cessation. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), with a score ≥10 indicating the presence of clinically relevant symptoms. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to evaluate the association of smoking status, daily smoking volume, and smoking cessation duration with depression. Results: Previous smokers [odds ratio (OR) = 1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05-1.48] and occasional smokers (OR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.39-2.45) were associated with a higher risk of depression compared with never smokers. Daily smokers had the highest risk of depression (OR = 2.37, 95% CI: 2.05-2.75). In addition, a tendency toward a positive correlation was observed between daily smoking volume and depression (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.24-2.19) ( Conclusions: Smoking is a behavior that increases the risk of depression. The higher the smoking frequency and smoking volume, the higher the risk of depression, whereas smoking cessation is associated with decreased risk of depression, and the longer the smoking cessation duration, the lower the risk of depression.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.