ArticleCardiovascular diabetology2023
Sex differences and sex steroids influence on the presentation and severity of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy of patients with type 1 diabetes.
Article in Cardiovascular diabetology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04950634 (Sexual Dimorphism in the Prevalence and Progression of Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes), which is not on this map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Sexual Dimorphism in the Prevalence and Progression of Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metabolomic signatures of glycemic control in type 1 diabetes: insights from continuous glucose monitoring.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Article
- Cardiometabolic Health During the Climacteric Transition: A Narrative Review of Lifestyle, Physiological, and Nutritional Approaches.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Sex differences in retinal neurovascular changes in type 1 diabetes without retinopathy.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Healthcare workers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Risk and Diabetic Polyneuropathy: A Single-Center Retrospective Study in North-Eastern Hungary.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Association of baseline and trajectory of triglyceride-glucose index with the incidence of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in the Association Between Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy and Mortality in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: The ACCORD Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Unveiling Silent Atherosclerosis in Type 1 Diabetes: The Role of Glycoprotein and Lipoprotein Lipidomics, and Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy.Metabolites · 2025Article
- Androgen excess disorders remain undiagnosed in one of every four premenopausal women with Type 1 diabetes.Human reproduction open · 2025Article
- Sex inequalities in cardiovascular risk factors and their management in primary prevention in adults living with type 1 diabetes in Germany and France: findings from DPV and SFDT1.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Article
- Investigating the Link between Intermediate Metabolism, Sexual Dimorphism, and Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes.Metabolites · 2024Article
- Quantification of lipoproteins by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2024Article
- Exploring the influencing factors of non-insulin drug prescriptions in discharged patients with type 1 diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSex differences characterize cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 1 diabetes. Cardioautonomic neuropathy is a common complication of type 1 diabetes that associates increased morbi-mortality. Data regarding the interplay between sex and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy are scarce and controversial in these patients. We aimed to address sex-related differences in the prevalence of seemingly asymptomatic cardioautonomic neuropathy in type 1 diabetes, and their associations with sex steroids.
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study including 322 consecutively recruited patients with type 1 diabetes. Cardioautonomic neuropathy was diagnosed using Ewing's score and power spectral heart rate data. We assessed sex hormones by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.
resultsWhen considering all subjects as a whole, asymptomatic cardioautonomic neuropathy prevalence was not significantly different between women and men. When age was taken into account, the prevalence of cardioautonomic neuropathy was similar among young men and those > 50 years. However, in women > 50 years, the prevalence of cardioautonomic neuropathy doubled that of young women [45.8% (32.6; 59.7) vs. 20.4% (13.7; 29.2), respectively]. The OR of having cardioautonomic neuropathy was 3.3 higher in women > 50 years than in their younger counterparts. Furthermore, women presented more severe cardioautonomic neuropathy than men. These differences were even more marked when women were classified according their menopausal status instead of age. Peri- and menopausal women had an OR 3.5 (1.7; 7.2) of having CAN compared with their reproductive-aged counterparts [CAN prevalence: 51% (37; 65) vs. 23% (16; 32), respectively]. A binary logistic regression model (R
conclusionsMenopause in women with type 1 diabetes is accompanied by an increase in the prevalence of asymptomatic cardioautonomic neuropathy. This age-related excess risk of cardioautonomic neuropathy is not observed in men. Men and women with type 1 diabetes have opposite associations between circulating androgens and indexes of cardioautonomic function. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04950634.
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