ReviewNature protocols2023
Generating human blastoids modeling blastocyst-stage embryos and implantation.
Review in Nature protocols, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed.
- Endogenous retrovirus control of calbindin is essential for human early embryogenesis.Science advances · 2026Article
- From Static to Dynamic: Fluorescence Imaging Technology Advances Precise Embryo Evaluation.Small methods · 2026Review
- Programmed cycle-induced endometrial perturbations do not independently influence angiogenic imbalance or hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.JCI insight · 2026Observational
- Early replication fragile sites are associated with cancer-related CNVs and SNVs in human embryonic stem cells.Stem cell reports · 2026Article
- The integrated developmental stress response (ISR-DASR) shift reveals a functional transition from cellular to stem cell organismal adaptation.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Review
- Synthetic embryos: current progress, application and challenges.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2026Review
- Micro Pattern-Based 3D Cell Culture Platform: An Overview of Technologies and Applications.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2026Review
- Serum coating enables feeder-free culture of naive human pluripotent stem cells preserving developmental potential.The EMBO journal · 2026Article
- Conference report: current advances in embryo model research at the International Dutch Embryo Model Meeting 2025.Biology open · 2026Article
- Modeling Post-Implantation Mammalian Embryogenesis Using AdvancedInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Ethical review key considerations for organoid applications in biomedical research-a systematic review.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Human stem cell-based embryo models: from self-organization to recapitulating development.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Endometrial Metabolism of 17β-Estradiol during the Window of Implantation in Women with Recurrent Implantation Failure.Gynecologic and obstetric investigation · 2026Observational
- deepBlastoid: a deep learning model for automated and efficient evaluation of human blastoids.Life medicine · 2025Article
- Review
- Mechano-osmotic signals control chromatin state and fate transitions in pluripotent stem cells.Nature cell biology · 2025Article
- Matrigel inhibits elongation and drives endoderm differentiation in aggregates of mouse embryonic stem cells.FEBS open bio · 2025Article
- Three-Dimensional Models of Implantation Using Human Stem Cells: Scientific Insights and Broader Considerations.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Origin, fate and function of extraembryonic tissues during mammalian development.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Human early development sets the stage for embryonic and adult life but remains difficult to investigate. A solution came from the ability of stem cells to organize into structures resembling preimplantation embryos-blastocysts-that we termed blastoids. This embryo model is available in unlimited numbers and could thus support scientific and medical advances. However, its predictive power depends on how faithfully it recapitulates the blastocyst. Here, we describe how we formed human blastoids that (1) efficiently achieve the morphology of the blastocyst and (2) form lineages according to the pace and sequence of blastocyst development, (3) ultimately forming cells that transcriptionally reflect the blastocyst (preimplantation stage). We employ three different commercially available 96- and 24-well microwell plates with results similar to our custom-made ones, and show that blastoids form in clinical in vitro fertilization medium and can be cryopreserved for shipping. Finally, we explain how blastoids replicate the directional process of implantation into endometrial organoids, specifically when these are hormonally stimulated. It takes 4 d for human blastoids to form and 10 d to prepare the endometrial implantation assay, and we have cultured blastoids up to 6 d (time-equivalent of day 13). On the basis of our experience, we anticipate that a person with ~1 year of human pluripotent stem cell culture experience and of organoid culture should be able to perform the protocol. Altogether, blastoids offer an opportunity to establish scientific and biomedical discovery programs for early pregnancy, and an ethical alternative to the use of embryos.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.