Observational studyBMJ open2023
Feeding practices and growth patterns of moderately low birthweight infants in resource-limited settings: results from a multisite, longitudinal observational study.
Observational study in BMJ open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04002908 (Low-birthweight Infant Feeding Exploration), which is not on this map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Low-birthweight Infant Feeding Exploration
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Enteral feeding based on expected median weight versus actual weight among small for gestational age preterm infants born at 30-34 weeks of gestation for prevention of hypoglycemia: an assessor-blinded randomised controlled trial.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Trial
- Effects of rapid enteral feed advancement with early human milk fortification in very low birth weight preterm infants > 30 weeks gestation in a resource limited setting- a randomized controlled trial.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Trial
- Comparative Growth Outcomes in Very Low Birth Weight Infants: Evaluating Different Feeding Strategies.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2025Trial
- Biological and environmental contributions to the growth rates of preterm children aged 0-2 years: a birth cohort study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- First-year growth patterns of preterm infants receiving kangaroo mother care: associations with early life factors and 1-year anthropometry.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- Does Breastfeeding Small for Gestational Age Neonates Promote a Healthier Growth Pattern? A Narrative Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Impact of Exclusive Breastfeeding and Extrauterine Growth Restriction on Post-Discharge Growth in Preterm Infants: A Longitudinal Cohort Study in a Kangaroo Mother Care Program.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Mortality, morbidity and growth among moderately low birthweight infants in India, Malawi, and Tanzania.BMC pediatrics · 2025Observational
- Beyond survival: The impact of birth complications on postpartum wellbeing for mothers, babies, and households in Kenya.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Weight change in the first 30 days among infants born less than 2000 grams in Guinea-Bissau and Uganda.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Critical research gaps in treating growth faltering in infants under 6 months: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Exclusive breastfeeding practices and its determinants in Indian infants: findings from the National Family Health Surveys-4 and 5.International breastfeeding journal · 2023Article
- Facilitators, barriers, and key influencers of breastfeeding among low birthweight infants: a qualitative study in India, Malawi, and Tanzania.International breastfeeding journal · 2023Article
- Changes in moderately low birthweight infant feeding, care, and health outcomes before compared to during the COVID-19 pandemic in Malawi.Journal of global health · 2023Observational
- Safe infant feeding in healthcare facilities: Assessment of infection prevention and control conditions and behaviors in India, Malawi, and Tanzania.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
48 authors at 13 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo describe the feeding profile of low birthweight (LBW) infants in the first half of infancy; and to examine growth patterns and early risk factors of poor 6-month growth outcomes.
designProspective observational cohort study. SETTING AND
participantsStable, moderately LBW (1.50 to <2.50 kg) infants were enrolled at birth from 12 secondary/tertiary facilities in India, Malawi and Tanzania and visited nine times over 6 months. VARIABLES OF INTEREST: Key variables of interest included birth weight, LBW type (combination of preterm/term status and size-for-gestational age at birth), lactation practices and support, feeding profile, birthweight regain by 2 weeks of age and poor 6-month growth outcomes.
resultsBetween 13 September 2019 and 27 January 2021, 1114 infants were enrolled, comprising 4 LBW types. 363 (37.3%) infants initiated early breast feeding and 425 (43.8%) were exclusively breastfed to 6 months. 231 (22.3%) did not regain birthweight by 2 weeks; at 6 months, 280 (32.6%) were stunted, 222 (25.8%) underweight and 88 (10.2%) wasted. Preterm-small-for-gestational age (SGA) infants had 1.89 (95% CI 1.37 to 2.62) and 2.32 (95% CI 1.48 to 3.62) times greater risks of being stunted and underweight at 6 months compared with preterm-appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) infants. Term-SGA infants had 2.33 (95% CI 1.77 to 3.08), 2.89 (95% CI 1.97 to 4.24) and 1.99 (95% CI 1.13 to 3.51) times higher risks of being stunted, underweight and wasted compared with preterm-AGA infants. Those not regaining their birthweight by 2 weeks had 1.51 (95% CI 1.23 to 1.85) and 1.55 (95% CI 1.21 to 1.99) times greater risks of being stunted and underweight compared with infants regaining.
conclusionLBW type, particularly SGA regardless of preterm or term status, and lack of birthweight regain by 2 weeks are important risk identification parameters. Early interventions are needed that include optimal feeding support, action-oriented growth monitoring and understanding of the needs and growth patterns of SGA infants to enable appropriate weight gain and proactive management of vulnerable infants. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04002908.
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