ArticleScience translational medicine2023
Small-molecule toosendanin reverses macrophage-mediated immunosuppression to overcome glioblastoma resistance to immunotherapy.
Article in Science translational medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- cGAS-STING agonists in preclinical glioblastoma animal models: a systematic review of tumor microenvironment modulation and survival outcomes.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Generation of Allogeneic CAR-T Circumvents Functional Deficits in Patient-Derived Autologous Product for Glioblastoma.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Natural Product Toosendanin Suppresses the Malignant Development of Skin Melanoma by Targeting BNC2 for Degradation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- A hub for an herb: is STAT3 blockade at the epicenter of toosendanin-induced NCOA4-dependent ferritinophagy and ferroptosis in cancer cells?Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2026Article
- Toosendanin Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Inhibiting Neural Ferroptosis Through Lipid Metabolic Reprogramming in MCAO Mice.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Toosendanin suppresses acute myeloid leukemia by targeting DDX5/c-Myc axis to inhibit protein synthesis.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Traditional Chinese Medicine-Derived Active Ingredient and Formulation Therapy for Glioma: Multi-Target Mechanisms, Drug Delivery Systems, and Advances in Clinical Translational Research.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A trispecific antibody engaging T cells with tumour and myeloid cells augments antitumour immunity.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Combining Small-Molecular Compounds With CAR T-Cell Therapy: Novel Strategies for Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy.Cancer innovation · 2026Review
- Review
- Microenvironmental regulation of solid tumour resistance to CAR T cell therapy.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Targeting immunosuppressive network in glioblastoma: Emerging strategies to overcome immunodeficiency and enhance therapeutic efficacy.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Toosendanin enhances endothelial repair and prevents inflammation via E2F1 mediated LINC01089.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Article
- TREM2-Mediated Cholesterol Efflux in Macrophages Inhibits Anti-Tumor Immunity via Limitation of CD4Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Dual-targeted bacterial outer membrane vesicles enhance glioblastoma immunotherapy by regulating tumor microenvironment and inducing IFN-γ-mediated ferroptosis.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Recent advances in targeting protein degradation for tumor immunotherapy.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2025Review
- Mitochondrial inflexibility ignites tumor immunogenicity in postoperative glioblastoma.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Dynamic changes of synergy relationship between lncRNA and immune checkpoint in cancer progression.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2025Article
- Toosendanin induces ferroptosis in gastrointestinal stromal tumor cells through the regulation of the NCOA4 ferritinophagy pathway: implications for tumor proliferation, migration, and invasion.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
T cell-based immunotherapy holds promise for treating solid tumors, but its therapeutic efficacy is limited by intratumoral immune suppression. This immune suppressive tumor microenvironment is largely driven by tumor-associated myeloid cells, including macrophages. Here, we report that toosendanin (TSN), a small-molecule compound, reprograms macrophages to enforce antitumor immunity in glioblastoma (GBM) in mouse models. Our functional screen of genetically probed macrophages with a chemical library identifies that TSN reverses macrophage-mediated tumor immunosuppression, leading to enhanced T cell infiltration, activation, and reduced exhaustion. Chemoproteomic and structural analyses revealed that TSN interacts with Hck and Lyn to abrogate suppressive macrophage immunity. In addition, a combination of immune checkpoint blockade and TSN therapy induced regression of syngeneic GBM tumors in mice. Furthermore, TSN treatment sensitized GBM to Egfrviii chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy. These findings suggest that TSN may serve as a therapeutic compound that blocks tumor immunosuppression and circumvents tumor resistance to T cell-based immunotherapy in GBM and other solid tumors that warrants further investigation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.