Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36788601›Full record

ArticleHarm reduction journal2023

Harm reduction behaviors are associated with carrying naloxone among patients on methadone treatment.

Zofia Kozak, Daniel Ciccarone, Johannes Thrul, Thomas O Cole, Alexander L Pappas, Aaron D Greenblatt, Christopher Welsh, Mark Yoon, Donald Gann, E Erin Artigiani and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Harm reduction journal, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Zofia KozakDivision of Addiction Research and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 1001 W. Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD, 21223, USA.
Daniel CiccaroneDepartment of Family and Community Medicine, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Johannes ThrulDepartment of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Thomas O ColeDivision of Addiction Research and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 1001 W. Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD, 21223, USA.
Alexander L PappasDivision of Addiction Research and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 1001 W. Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD, 21223, USA.
Aaron D GreenblattDivision of Addiction Research and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 1001 W. Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD, 21223, USA.
Christopher WelshDivision of Addiction Research and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 1001 W. Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD, 21223, USA.
Mark YoonDivision of Addiction Research and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 1001 W. Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD, 21223, USA.
Donald GannDivision of Addiction Research and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 1001 W. Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD, 21223, USA.
E Erin ArtigianiCenter for Substance Abuse Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
Eric D WishCenter for Substance Abuse Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
Annabelle M BelcherDivision of Addiction Research and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 1001 W. Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD, 21223, USA. abelcher@som.umaryland.edu.

Funding

QAQC Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational ResearchUL1TR003098 · NCATS · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI FORD, DANIEL ERNEST · 2019 to 2023
$57.7M
NDEWS Diversity Supplement: Exploring the Viability of Different Social Media Platforms for Emerging Drug Term DiscoveryU01DA038360 · NIDA · UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK · PI WISH, ERIC D · 2014 to 2019
$5.0M
Synthetics in Combination (SYNC)R01DA054190 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI DANIEL H CICCARONE · 2021 to 2026
$4.3M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR003098NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA054190NIDA NIH HHS U01 DA038360
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDespite the widespread availability of naloxone, US opioid overdose rates continue to rise. The "Cascade of Care" (CoC) is a public health approach that identifies steps in achieving specific outcomes and has been used to identify gaps in naloxone carriage among individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD). We sought to apply this framework to a treatment-seeking population with OUD that may be more inclined to engage in harm reduction behaviors.

methodsPatients were recruited from an urban methadone program to complete a survey. We assessed naloxone familiarity, availability, obtainability, training, and possession, as well as naloxone carriage rates, demographics, and harm reduction behaviors. A multivariable logistic regression examined associations between naloxone carriage and individual-level factors.

resultsParticipants (n = 97) were majority male (59%), with a mean age of 48 (SD = 12), 27% had college education or higher, 64% indicated injection drug use, and 84% reported past naloxone training. All participants endorsed familiarity with naloxone, but only 42% regularly carried naloxone. The following variables were associated with carrying naloxone: White race (aOR = 2.94, 95% CI 1.02-8.52), college education (aOR = 8.11, 95% CI 1.76-37.47), and total number of self-reported harm reduction behaviors (aOR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.00-2.11).

conclusionWe found low rates of naloxone carriage among methadone-treated patients. Methadone programs provide opportunities for naloxone interventions and should target racial/ethnic minorities and individuals with lower education. The spectrum of harm reduction behaviors should be encouraged among these populations to enhance naloxone carriage.

Indexed as

Drug OverdoseOpioid-Related DisordersAnalgesics, OpioidHarm ReductionHumansMaleMethadoneMiddle AgedNaloxoneNarcotic AntagonistsAnalgesics, OpioidMethadoneNaloxoneNarcotic AntagonistsHarm reductionMethadoneNaloxoneOverdose

Identifiers

PMID36788601
PMCPMC9928141

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.