ReviewNature reviews. Urology2023
Preclinical models of prostate cancer - modelling androgen dependency and castration resistance in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo.
Review in Nature reviews. Urology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular regulation of estrogen receptors and recent advances on ERα36 splice variant in prostate cancer.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Bioactive Natural Products Targeting Androgen Receptor Signaling in Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review.Cancers · 2026Review
- Emerging therapies to overcome antiandrogen resistance and beyond in lethal prostate cancer.Journal of the National Cancer Center · 2026Review
- Polydopamine-Coated Surfaces Promote Adhesion, Migration, Proliferation, Chemoresistance, Stemness, and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Human Prostate Cancer Cell Lines In Vitro via Integrin αInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- PEAK1 promotes prostate cancer progression and docetaxel resistance by mediating the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages.European journal of medical research · 2026Article
- Metformin Sensitizes PTEN-deficient Prostate Cancer to PARP Inhibitors by Rebuilding NADPInternational journal of biological sciences · 2026Article
- Translational 3DFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Elucidating the Potential Targets and Mechanisms of Bisphenol A-Induced Prostate Cancer Based on Network Toxicology and Molecular Docking Analyses.Oncology research · 2026Article
- Androgen receptor contributes to radioresistance through DNA repair and autophagy in AR-positive prostate cancer cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Lipid Nanoparticle Delivery of mRNA and siRNA for Concurrent Restoration of Tumor Suppressor and Inhibition of Tumorigenic Driver in Prostate Cancer.ACS nanoscience Au · 2025Article
- AR to GR switch modulates differential TDO2-Kyn-AhR signalling to promote the survival and recurrence of treatment-induced dormant cells in prostate cancer.Cell discovery · 2025Article
- Integrative analysis identifies the atypical repressor E2F8 as a targetable transcriptional activator driving lethal prostate cancer.Oncogene · 2025Article
- Unveiling RACK1: a key regulator of the PI3K/AKT pathway in prostate cancer development.Oncogene · 2025Article
- Comparison of baseline global gene expression profiles of prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP and DU145.BMC research notes · 2024Article
- Darolutamide in Combination with Radium-223 Exhibits Synergistic Antitumor Efficacy in LNCaP Prostate Cancer Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Impact of Endocrine Disruptors on the Genitourinary Tract.Journal of xenobiotics · 2024Review
- Bulk mRNA-sequencing data of the estrogen and androgen responses in the human prostate cancer cell line VCaP.Data in brief · 2024Article
- Bulk mRNA-seq data from wild-type and prostate cancer-developing mice reveal a reprogramming of the estrogen and androgen responses after carcinogenesis.Data in brief · 2024Article
- GDF15 propeptide promotes bone metastasis of castration-resistant prostate cancer by augmenting the bone microenvironment.Biomarker research · 2024Article
- Neuroendocrine Differentiation in Prostate Cancer Requires ASCL1.Cancer research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Prostate cancer is well known to be dependent on the androgen receptor (AR) for growth and survival. Thus, AR is the main pharmacological target to treat this disease. However, after an initially positive response to AR-targeting therapies, prostate cancer will eventually evolve to castration-resistant prostate cancer, which is often lethal. Tumour growth was initially thought to become androgen-independent following treatments; however, results from molecular studies have shown that most resistance mechanisms involve the reactivation of AR. Consequently, tumour cells become resistant to castration - the blockade of testicular androgens - and not independent of AR per se. However, confusion still remains on how to properly define preclinical models of prostate cancer, including cell lines. Most cell lines were isolated from patients for cell culture after evolution of the tumour to castration-resistant prostate cancer, but not all of these cell lines are described as castration resistant. Moreover, castration refers to the blockade of testosterone production by the testes; thus, even the concept of "castration" in vitro is questionable. To ensure maximal transfer of knowledge from scientific research to the clinic, understanding the limitations and advantages of preclinical models, as well as how these models recapitulate cancer cell androgen dependency and can be used to study castration resistance mechanisms, is essential.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.