ReviewAAPS PharmSciTech2023
Ocular Drug Delivery: a Comprehensive Review.
Review in AAPS PharmSciTech, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 133 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
133 citing papers in PubMed.
- A first-in-human, prospective pilot trial of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell eye drops therapy for patients with refractory non-Sjögren's and Sjögren's syndrome dry eye disease.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Trial
- Aptamers in Ocular Disease Therapy and Drug Delivery: Current Progress and Future Opportunities.Current therapeutic research, clinical and experimental · 2026Review
- Advanced Ophthalmic Drug Delivery in Homocystinuria Type CblC: A Translational Review of Ophthalmic Pathologies and Therapeutic Opportunities.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Nanoformulations for Ocular Drug Delivery in Glaucoma: From Metal-Based Nanoparticles to Advanced Nanocarriers.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Dietary and Formulation Potential of Natural Oils and Fats in Ocular Health and Disease: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Future Directions.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Amorphous Solid Dispersions in Non-Oral Drug Delivery: A Critical Review Bridging Mechanistic Advantages and Gaps in Translational Evidence.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Review
- Liposomal Drug Delivery in Ocular Therapy: Strategies for Enhancing Corneal Penetration and Bioavailability.Cells · 2026Review
- Iontophoresis Drug Delivery to the Macula of Lutein for Age Related Macular Degeneration.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Exosomes in the treatment of age-related ophthalmic diseases: an updated review.International ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Hydrogel-Based Ocular Drug Delivery Systems: A Bibliometric and Visualization Analysis of Research Trends and Hotspots (1991-2025).Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Meibomian Gland-Mediated Drug Delivery via Eyelid Application of Troxipide Nanoparticles Improves an N-Acetylcysteine-Induced Dry Eye.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Nanoparticle-mediated inhibition of Yes-associated protein prevents corneal scarring after traumatic injury.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Contact Lenses Incorporating Methotrexate-Loaded Chitosan/Hyaluronic Acid Nanoparticles.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Baicalin: A comprehensive review of its molecular mechanisms and pharmacological activities.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Advancing Treatment of Degenerative Eye Diseases at the Nanoscale.Smart medicine · 2026Review
- Size-shrinking nanoparticles with high drug-protein payload for efficient, non-invasive treatment of corneal neovascularization.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Topotecan Microneedle Scleral Patch: A Transscleral Drug Delivery Study for Retinoblastoma.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Transferosomes as Drug Delivery Systems: Design Principles, Deformability, and Translational Challenges.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Random Copolyester-Based Delivery Systems for Tear Protein Therapeutics in Ocular Surface Disorders.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Aptamer-Based Delivery Systems for VEGF and NGF Modulation in Ocular Therapies.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
73 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The human eye is a sophisticated organ with distinctive anatomy and physiology that hinders the passage of drugs into targeted ophthalmic sites. Effective topical administration is an interest of scientists for many decades. Their difficult mission is to prolong drug residence time and guarantee an appropriate ocular permeation. Several ocular obstacles oppose effective drug delivery such as precorneal, corneal, and blood-corneal barriers. Routes for ocular delivery include topical, intravitreal, intraocular, juxtascleral, subconjunctival, intracameral, and retrobulbar. More than 95% of marketed products exists in liquid state. However, other products could be in semi-solid (ointments and gels), solid state (powder, insert and lens), or mixed (in situ gel). Nowadays, attractiveness to nanotechnology-based carries is resulted from their capabilities to entrap both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs, enhance ocular permeability, sustain residence time, improve drug stability, and augment bioavailability. Different in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo characterization approaches help to predict the outcomes of the constructed nanocarriers. This review aims to clarify anatomy of the eye, various ocular diseases, and obstacles to ocular delivery. Moreover, it studies the advantages and drawbacks of different ocular routes of administration and dosage forms. This review also discusses different nanostructured platforms and their characterization approaches. Strategies to enhance ocular bioavailability are also explained. Finally, recent advances in ocular delivery are described.
Indexed as
Identifiers
36788150What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.