ArticlePloS one2023
Immunoglobulins response of COVID-19 patients, COVID-19 vaccine recipients, and random individuals.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Longitudinal study of the immunological response to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in Instituto Português de Oncologia of Coimbra professionals.IJID regions · 2026Article
- The role of COVID-19 infection and vaccination in the induction of anti-TPO antibodies and the potential impact on developing thyroid disease.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Structural Adaptability of IgA and IgM Supports Broad SARS-CoV-2 Variant Neutralization.Journal of medical virology · 2026Article
- Loss of IgA and IgM Compromises Broad Neutralization of Structurally Divergent SARS-CoV-2 Variants.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Situation Analysis of Immune Response Status One Year After the Nationwide COVID-19 Vaccination in Cameroon: Role of Obesity and SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM Antibody Levels Measured by an In-House ELISA in a Convalescent Latin Population Persist over Time and Exhibit Neutralizing Capacity to Several Variants of Concern.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- A Paper-Based Multiplexed Serological Test to Monitor Immunity against SARS-COV-2 Using Machine Learning.ACS nano · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2 infection, inflammation and birth outcomes in a prospective NYC pregnancy cohort.Journal of reproductive immunology · 2024Article
- Article
- Immunoglobulins in COVID-19 pneumonia: from the acute phase to the recovery phase.European journal of medical research · 2024Article
- Reduced control of SARS-CoV-2 infection associates with lower mucosal antibody responses in pregnancy.mSphere · 2024Observational
- A bead-based multiplex assay covering all coronaviruses pathogenic for humans for sensitive and specific surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Significance of Anti-COVID-IgA antibody response in COVID-19 breakthrough infection in vaccinated patients - a single-centered study from Pakistan.Immunologic research · 2023Article
- Article
- COVID-19 related acute necrotizing encephalopathy presenting in the early postoperative period.Archive of clinical cases · 2023Article
- An update on lateral flow immunoassay for the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.AIMS microbiology · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe development of specific immunoglobulins to COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccination has been proposed. The efficacy and dynamics of this response are not clear yet.
aimThis study aims to analyze the immunoglobulins response among COVID-19 patients, COVID-19 vaccine recipients and random individuals.
methodsA total of 665 participants including 233 COVID-19 patients, 288 COVID-19 vaccine recipients, and 144 random individuals were investigated for anti-COVID-19 immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM).
resultsAmong COVID-19 patients, 22.7% had detectable IgA antibodies with a mean of 27.3±57.1 ng/ml, 29.6% had IgM antibodies with a mean of 188.4±666.0 BAU/ml, while 59.2% had IgG antibodies with a mean of 101.7±139.7 BAU/ml. Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine recipients had positive IgG in 99.3% with a mean of 515.5±1143.5 BAU/ml while 85.7% of Sinopharm vaccine recipients had positive IgG with a mean of 170.0±230.0 BAU/ml. Regarding random individuals, 54.9% had positive IgG with a mean of 164.3±214 BAU/ml. The peak IgM response in COVID-19 patients was detected early at 15-22 days, followed by IgG peak at 16-30 days, and IgA peak at 0-60 days. IgM antibodies disappeared at 61-90 days, while IgG and IgA antibodies decreased slowly after the peak and remained detectable up to 300 days. The frequency of IgG positivity among patients was significantly affected by increased age, admission department (inpatient or outpatient), symptoms, need for oxygen therapy, and increased duration between positive COVID-19 RT PCR test and serum sampling (p˂0.05). Positive correlations were noted between different types of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, and IgA) among patients.
conclusionsNatural infection and COIVD-19 vaccines provide IgG-mediated immunity. The class, positivity, mean, efficacy, and duration of immunoglobulins response are affected by the mechanism of immunity and host related variables. Random community individuals had detectable COVID-19 IgG at ~55%, far from reaching herd immunity levels.
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