ArticleJournal of experimental orthopaedics2023
Degenerative tendon matrix induces tenogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.
Article in Journal of experimental orthopaedics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- State-of the-art and future perspective in co-culture systems for tendon engineering.Biomaterials and biosystems · 2025Article
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Soft Tissue Regenerative Medicine: A Comprehensive Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) react dynamically with the surrounding microenvironment to promote tissue-specific differentiation and hence increase targeted regenerative capacity. Extracellular matrix (ECM) would be the first microenvironment to interact with MSCs injected into the tissue lesion. However, degenerative tissues would have different characteristics of ECM in comparison with healthy tissues. Therefore, the influence of degenerative ECM on tissue-specific differentiation of MSCs and the formation of matrix composition need to be considered for the sophisticated therapeutic application of stem cells for tissue regeneration.
methodsHuman degenerative tendon tissues were obtained from patients undergoing rotator cuff repair and finely minced into 2 ~ 3 mm fragments. Different amounts of tendon matrix (0.005 g, 0.01 g, 0.025 g, 0.05 g, 0.1 g, 0.25 g, 0.5 g, 1 g, and 2 g) were co-cultured with bone marrow MSCs (BM MSCs) for 7 days. Six tendon-related markers, scleraxis, tenomodulin, collagen type I and III, decorin, and tenascin-C, osteogenic marker, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and chondrogenic marker, aggrecan (ACAN), were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Cell viability and senescence-associated beta-galactosidase assays were performed. The connective tissue growth factor was used as a positive control.
resultsThe expressions of six tendon-related markers were significantly upregulated until the amount of tendon matrix exceeded 0.5 g, the point where the mRNA expressions of all six genes analyzed started to decrease. The tendon matrix exerted an inhibitory effect on ACAN expression but had a negligible effect on ALP expression. Cell viability did not change significantly over the culture period. The amount of tendon matrix exceeding 0.01 g significantly increased the SA-βgal activity of BM MSCs.
conclusionThis study successfully demonstrated tendon ECM-stimulated tenogenesis of BM MSCs through an indirect co-culture system without the use of exogenous growth factors and the alteration of cellular viability. In contrast to the initial hypothesis, the tenogenesis of BM MSCs induced with the degenerative tendon matrix accompanied cellular senescence.
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